Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Basilar Skull Fracture

Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)

Synonyms(7)

Synonym
Battle Sign
Skull Fracture, Basilar
Skull Fracture, Transphenoid Basilar
Skull Fracture, Basilar, Childhood
Skull Fracture, Frontobasilar
Basilar Skull Fracture
Battle's Sign

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"In trauma practice, basilar skull fracture is an extremely common finding while transverse/sigmoid venous sinus thrombosis is generally considered quite a rare complication."( Fakhry, S; Malek, B; Rizzo, A; Watson, J; Zhao, X, 2008)

Research

Studies (13)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19901 (7.69)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's4 (30.77)18.1394
2010's8 (61.54)28.8240
2020's0 (0.00)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetazolamide0low20
penicillin g0low10
pilocarpine0low10
chloramphenicol0low10
durapatite0low10
fluorescein0low10
tricalcium phosphate0low10
transferrin0low20
propiconazole0low40
octacalcium phosphate0low10
atropine0low10
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low10
warfarin0low10

Protein Targets (389)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Class Iii Chitinase Chia10101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain B, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
thioredoxin reductase3003
GALC protein2002
GLI family zinc finger 36006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]6006
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 15005
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha4004
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
arylsulfatase A2002
Carbonic anhydrase0101
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 24004
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
geminin3003
peripheral myelin protein 222002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d1001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi1102
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30303
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40303
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120215
Prolyl endopeptidase0101
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 110102
Bile salt export pump0505
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Renin0202
Carbonic anhydrase 10217
Carbonic anhydrase 20216
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Carbonic anhydrase 30215
Cathepsin B0101
Cytochrome P450 3A40303
Steryl-sulfatase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Cytochrome P450 2D60101
Cytochrome P450 2A60213
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Androgen receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-11102
Translocator protein0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta1102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-21102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-51102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-31102
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Carbonic anhydrase 40214
Carbonic anhydrase 60214
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-11102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-21102
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-41102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-31102
Endochitinase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-61102
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0215
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0102
Carbonic anhydrase 70214
Carbonic anhydrase0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor0101
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-11102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-31102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-21102
Cholinesterase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Squalene synthase0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Carbonic anhydrase 90215
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Renin0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Endochitinase A10101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 130214
GABA theta subunit1102
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
Acidic mammalian chitinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 130203
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon1102
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 140215
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 2, isoform A 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0215
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
AR protein5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor5005
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
DNA polymerase beta1001
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20328
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40215
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10418
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30418
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40418
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50418
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50316
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20419
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10339
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30215
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Histamine H2 receptor2003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0112
interleukin 81001
TDP1 protein3003
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A12002
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
farnesoid X nuclear receptor3003
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha5005
G1001
cytochrome P450 2D61001
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma5005
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor2002
aryl hydrocarbon receptor3003
activating transcription factor 62002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
heat shock protein beta-12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
streptokinase A precursor0022
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase0001
Interferon beta2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
Cellular tumor antigen p535005
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial0011
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
acetylcholinesterase1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
Microtubule-associated protein tau1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)2002
progesterone receptor3003
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)1001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 10001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Beta-lactamase OXA-100001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Beta-lactamase TEM0102
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Beta-lactamase0001
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Efflux transporter 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Class D beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase IMP-1 0001
BlaVIM-1 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma3003
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
IDH11001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
chromobox protein homolog 13003
Vpr1001
lamin isoform A-delta102002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Spike glycoprotein2002
GLS protein1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 11001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10101
Cytochrome P450 2A130112
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
pregnane X receptor1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase1001
nonstructural protein 11001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a1001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit1001
Glutamate receptor 21001
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 51001
Ataxin-21001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
PPM1D protein1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Albumin0011
Albumin0011
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 70101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 10101
Protease 0101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 0202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]