single-stranded RNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to single-stranded RNA. [GOC:jl]

Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) binding is a fundamental molecular function that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. Proteins that bind to ssRNA recognize and interact with the exposed bases and sugar-phosphate backbone of the RNA molecule, facilitating a wide range of functions. The molecular mechanisms underlying ssRNA binding involve a combination of non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions are highly specific and can be modulated by factors such as the sequence, structure, and modifications of the RNA. The recognition of ssRNA by binding proteins often involves specific amino acid residues, such as arginine, lysine, and histidine, which interact with the negatively charged phosphate groups of the RNA backbone. Furthermore, aromatic residues like tyrosine and phenylalanine can participate in stacking interactions with the bases of the RNA. The binding of ssRNA by proteins can induce conformational changes in both the protein and the RNA molecule, leading to the formation of stable complexes. These complexes often serve as intermediates in various cellular processes, including gene regulation, translation, RNA processing, and RNA trafficking. Specific examples of ssRNA binding proteins and their roles in cellular processes include: - Ribonucleases (RNases): These enzymes bind to ssRNA and catalyze its degradation. - RNA polymerases: These enzymes bind to ssRNA during transcription and synthesize new RNA molecules. - Ribosomal proteins: These proteins bind to ssRNA in ribosomes and participate in protein synthesis. - Splicing factors: These proteins bind to ssRNA and facilitate the removal of introns from pre-mRNA molecules. - MicroRNAs (miRNAs): These small non-coding RNAs bind to ssRNA and regulate gene expression. In summary, ssRNA binding is a versatile molecular function that is essential for a wide range of cellular processes. The specific interactions between proteins and ssRNA molecules are highly specific and dynamic, allowing for precise regulation and control of cellular events.'
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Proteins (6)

Compounds (39)