Compounds > loxoribine
Page last updated: 2024-10-15

loxoribine

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID135410906
CHEMBL ID292008
SCHEMBL ID61782
SCHEMBL ID16516342
MeSH IDM0187463

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
loxoribine
rwj-21757
7a8ogua
loxoribine (usan/inn)
121288-39-9
D04787
7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine, 95%
rwj 21757
7-allyl-8-oxoguanosine
CHEMBL292008
2-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-enyl-3h-purine-6,8-dione
dtxsid3046748 ,
cas-121288-39-9
tox21_112592
dtxcid1026748
loxoribine [usan:inn]
7-allyl-2-amino-9-beta-d-ribofuranosylpurine-6,8(1h,9h)-dione
loxoribina [inn-spanish]
loxoribinum [inn-latin]
loxoribina
unii-9cas0v66oi
guanosine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-7-(2-propenyl)-
loxoribinum
9cas0v66oi ,
7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine
2-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3h-purine-6,8-dione
gtpl5018
7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine
loxoribine [usan]
loxoribine [inn]
SCHEMBL61782
NCGC00263547-01
tox21_112592_1
SCHEMBL16516342
VDCRFBBZFHHYGT-IOSLPCCCSA-N
7-allyl-2-amino-9-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1h-purine-6,8(7h,9h)-dione
AKOS024284397
7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-7-(2-propenyl)guanosine
sr-01000883708
SR-01000883708-1
(loxoribine)
7-allyl-2-amino-9-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1h-purine-6,8(7h,9h)-dione
SDL ,
2-azanyl-9-[(2~{r},3~{r},4~{s},5~{r})-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis(oxidanyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-enyl-1~{h}-purine-6,8-dione
7-allyl-78-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine
HMS3677D12
CS-0028896
HY-108472
Q27081526
HMS3413D12
rwj 217577-allyl-8-oxoguanosine
2-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-enyl-1h-purine-6,8-dione
7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-7-allyl-guanosine
AKOS040741970

Research Excerpts

Overview

Loxoribine is a potent new immunostimulant with a relatively broad spectrum of immunobiological activities.

ExcerptReference
"Loxoribine is a potent new immunostimulant with a relatively broad spectrum of immunobiological activities. "( A new approach to vaccine adjuvants. Immunopotentiation by intracellular T-helper-like signals transmitted by loxoribine.
Goodman, MG, 1995)

Treatment

Loxoribine treatment enhanced both the NK and LAK activity of cells from individuals with low and high spontaneous NK activity. Group showed marked regression of both epithelial and stromal components.

ExcerptReference
"Loxoribine treatment enhanced both the NK and LAK activity of cells from individuals with low and high spontaneous NK activity."( Murine strain variation in the natural killer cell and proliferative responses to the immunostimulatory compound 7-allyl-8-oxoguanosine: role of cytokines.
Chourmouzis, E; Goodman, MG; Lee, S; MacIntyre, JP; Pope, BL, 1994)
"The loxoribine-treated group showed marked regression of both epithelial and stromal components. "( Regression of endometrial explants in a rat model of endometriosis treated with the immune modulators loxoribine and levamisole.
Bukovsky, A; Caudle, MR; Chen, TT; Keenan, JA; Massey, PJ; Williams-Boyce, PK, 1999)

Bioavailability

ExcerptReference
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)

Dosage Studied

ExcerptReference
" In murine B cells, two distinct binding activities have been characterized that have dissociation constants that parallel their distinctive dose-response profiles."( Topology of the loxoribine binding site. Studies with inactive loxoribine analogues.
Goodman, JH; Goodman, MG, 1994)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency28.60080.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (56)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508627Counterscreen qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: GLuc-NoTag assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508629Cell Viability qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508628Confirmatory qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID119667In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg intravenous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 50:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID140774Augment antibody response of B cells to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) challenge (adjuvanticity)1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID220083Stimulation of natural killer (NK) response in Yac-1 cell line (mouse, lymphoma)1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119550In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg intravenous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 200:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119672In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg parenteral dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 25:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119673In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg parenteral dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 50:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID144275In vitro Natural Killer cell activity (Activation of murine splenocyte NK cells by its ability to lyze YAC-1 target cells in chromium release assay) relative to interleukin 2 at 10E-4 to 10E-12 M conc.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-21, Volume: 41, Issue:11
Synthesis and activity of dipeptides, linked to targeting ligands, as specific NK cell enhancers.
AID220086Percent of maximum response was tested for its ability to stimulate the natural killer response in murine in vitro cell assays1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119676In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg subcutaneous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 25:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119669In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg parenteral dose % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 200:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119547In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg intravenous dose % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 25:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119675In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg subcutaneous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 200:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID140780Percent of maximum response was tested to augment the antibody response of B cells to sheep red blood cell challenge1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119674In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg subcutaneous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 100:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119671In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg parenteral dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 100:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID142466Ability to act as B-cell mitogens1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119677In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg subcutaneous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 50:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID142474Percent of maximum response was tested for its ability to act as B-cell mitogens (mitogenicity)1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID119549In vivo natural killer cell response in splenocytes of mice injected with 2 mg intravenous dose. % lysis of YAC-1 cells at effector: target ratio of 100:11994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Small-molecule immunostimulants. Synthesis and activity of 7,8-disubstituted guanosines and structurally related compounds.
AID1345471Human TLR7 (Toll-like receptor family)2003European journal of immunology, Nov, Volume: 33, Issue:11
The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (74)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's18 (24.32)18.2507
2000's27 (36.49)29.6817
2010's21 (28.38)24.3611
2020's8 (10.81)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (1.35%)5.53%
Reviews3 (4.05%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other70 (94.59%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		2.05106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cadaverine
[no description available]		2.0510alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
pteridines
[no description available]		2.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		1.9710isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
juglone
juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.		2.1110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonegeroprotector;
herbicide;
reactive oxygen species generator
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.4520chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
monodansylcadaverine
monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.		2.0510aminonaphthalene;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
protective agent
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		2.13106-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.420beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		7106-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.0510acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		3.1750imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.0310D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		3.2860
mafosfamide
mafosfamide: RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer		710
2,3-bis-(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-n-palmitoyl-cysteinylserine
2,3-bis-(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-N-palmitoyl-cysteinylserine: synthetic analogue of the N-terminal part of bacterial lipoprotein; potent activator for B lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages & several lymphoid cell lines.		2.0310
resiquimod
S 28463: structure given in first source		3.5580imidazoquinoline
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		2.1110tripeptide
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.420purine nucleoside
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.1110
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		1.9710sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.0510antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
asialo gm1 ganglioside
[no description available]		2.3920
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		1.9710ammonium ion derivative
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		3.1310dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		2.3920alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
cl 075
[no description available]		2.1110
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.04101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.4320
gardiquimod
[no description available]		2.7930
gs-9620
[no description available]		2.1710
gliadin p31-43
[no description available]		2.1710
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)
[no description available]		2.1310
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		8.82631guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.0510
7-methyl-8-oxoguanosine
[no description available]		1.9710
8-thioguanosine
8-thioguanosine: lymphocyte activator		1.9810
lipoteichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.		2.0410
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		1.9710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		01.9810
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.9840
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		02.610
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2510
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.2510
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.2510
Caliciviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.		02.1710
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		02.1710
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		02.1710
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.0810
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.0810
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.0810
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.0810
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.0810
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.0810
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		02.0810
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		03.8221
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.4820
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.9540
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.4820
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.9540
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.1110
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.1110
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.1110
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.1310
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.1310
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.1310
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		02.0510
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.8740
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.8740
Avian Flu
[description not available]		02.0710
Influenza in Birds
Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.		02.0710
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.4620
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.4620
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.0710
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		02.0710
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.0710
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		02.0210
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.0310
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.0310
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.4320
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.4320
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0310
Infections, Rhabdoviridae
[description not available]		02.0410
Hairy Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9810
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.8240
Leukemia, Hairy Cell
A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.		01.9810
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		03.8240
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		06.9810
Metastase
[description not available]		01.9810
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		01.9810
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		0210
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		0710
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.3911
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.3911
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		01.9710