Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and less commonly, the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and palate, presenting soft, painless, round to oval sessile papules about 1 to 4 mm in diameter. The condition usually occurs in children and young adults and has familial predilection, lasting for several months, sometimes years, before running its course. A viral etiology is suspected, the isolated organism being usually the human papillomavirus. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry; Belshe, Textbook of Human Virology, 2d ed, p954)

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia, Focal Epithelial
Heck's Disease
Heck Disease
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia, Oral

Research Excerpts

Overview

Excerpt	Reference
"The name "multifocal epithelial hyperplasia" is more accurate than those previously proposed designations, because it is more precise to describe the clinical and microscopic features of the disease."	( Garcés-Ortíz, M; Hernández-Guerrero, JC; Ledesma-Montes, C, 2007)
"Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare disease of the oral mucosa caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV)."	( Cortina de la Calle, P; García-Arpa, M; Romero-Aguilera, G; Sánchez-Caminero, P; Vera-Iglesias, E, 2007)
"Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare disease associated with human papilloma virus types 13 and 32."	( Agnew, C; Alexander, S; Prabhu, N, 2017)

Research

Studies (23)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	2 (8.70)	23.3326
1990's	1 (4.35)	12.5806
2000's	12 (52.17)	18.1394
2010's	6 (26.09)	28.8240
2020's	2 (8.70)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies
corticosterone	low	1
prednisolone	low	1
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide	low	1
tyrosine	low	1
betamethasone valerate	low	1
imiquimod	low	3
inositol 3-phosphate	low	8
bromochloroacetic acid	low	3
cysteine	low	1
involucrin	low	1
ubiquinone	low	1
antroquinonol d	low	1
transforming growth factor beta	low	1

Protein Targets (235)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta	0	1	0	1
Protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	5	0	0	5
SMAD family member 2	2	0	0	2
SMAD family member 3	2	0	0	2
GLI family zinc finger 3	6	0	0	6
AR protein	7	0	0	7
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	5	0	0	5
progesterone receptor	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	3	0	0	3
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	4	0	0	4
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	6	0	0	6
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	4	0	0	4
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	4	0	0	4
pregnane X nuclear receptor	6	0	0	6
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	7	0	0	7
G	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2D6	3	0	0	3
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	2	0	0	2
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	4	0	0	4
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	4	0	0	4
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	3	0	0	3
Histone H2A.x	2	0	0	2
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	6	0	0	6
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	3	0	0	3
Interferon beta	4	0	0	4
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	3	0	0	3
Glutamate receptor 2	3	0	0	3
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	3	0	0	3
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	2	0	0	2
Cellular tumor antigen p53	4	0	0	4
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	3	0	0	3
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A1	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Cruzipain	1	0	0	1
Luciferase	1	0	0	1
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
interleukin 8	1	0	0	1
acetylcholinesterase	1	0	0	1
PAX8	0	0	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	2	0	0	2
15-lipoxygenase, partial	1	0	0	1
pregnane X receptor	2	0	0	2
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	1	0	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
USP1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
TDP1 protein	4	0	0	4
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	1	0	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	2	0	0	2
PINK1	1	0	0	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	2	0	0	2
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	1	0	0	1
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	2	0	0	2
67.9K protein	1	0	0	1
glucocerebrosidase	1	0	0	1
Parkin	1	0	0	1
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	1	0	0	1
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	2	0	0	2
heat shock protein 90	0	0	1	1
caspase-3	1	0	0	1
IDH1	2	0	0	2
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	2	0	0	2
calcineurin A1, putative	0	0	1	1
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	3	0	0	3
activating transcription factor 6	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha isoform 2	0	1	0	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	1	0	0	1
perilipin-5	0	1	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	2	0	0	2
perilipin-1	0	1	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	3	0	0	3
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	1	0	0	1
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein beta-1	2	0	0	2
huntingtin isoform 2	1	0	0	1
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	2	0	0	2
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N	0	1	0	1
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	1	0	0	1
flap endonuclease 1	1	0	0	1
protein AF-9 isoform a	0	0	0	1
snurportin-1	1	0	0	1
melanocortin receptor 4	0	1	0	1
CAAX prenyl protease	0	0	0	1
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	2	0	0	2
plasminogen precursor	2	0	0	2
bcl-2-related protein A1	0	1	0	1
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	2	0	0	2
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	1	0	0	1
geminin	3	0	0	3
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a	0	1	0	1
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha	0	0	0	1
hexokinase HKDC1	0	1	0	1
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a	0	0	0	1
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 1	0	0	1	1
lethal factor (plasmid)	1	0	0	1
lamin isoform A-delta10	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	2	0	0	2
Synaptojanin-2	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	2	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	3	0	3
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	1	0	0	1
Synaptojanin-1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	0	2	0	2
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
Integrin beta-3	2	0	0	2
72 kDa type IV collagenase	0	1	0	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	2	0	0	2
Matrix metalloproteinase-9	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	2	0	0	2
Trypanothione reductase	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	2	0	0	2
Alpha-synuclein	1	0	0	1
Histamine H2 receptor	1	0	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	2	0	0	2
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	1	0	0	1
Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase	0	1	0	1
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2	0	1	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	1	0	0	1
GABA theta subunit	2	0	0	2
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	1	0	1
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	2	0	0	2
Ataxin-2	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	2	0	0	2
Spermine oxidase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, HADH2 protein	1	0	0	1
Chain B, HADH2 protein	1	0	0	1
thioredoxin reductase	1	0	0	1
NFKB1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
GALC protein	1	0	0	1
Thrombopoietin	1	0	0	1
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
chromobox protein homolog 1	2	0	0	2
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	1	0	0	1
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	1	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	0	1	0	1
Sex hormone-binding globulin	0	0	1	1
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	2	0	2
Mineralocorticoid receptor	0	2	2	4
Androgen receptor	0	2	0	2
C-8 sterol isomerase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1	0	1	0	1
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	2	0	2
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	2	0	2
EWS/FLI fusion protein	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	2	0	2
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	2	0	2
Bile salt export pump	0	2	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	2	0	2
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase	0	1	0	1
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	2	0	2
Toll-like receptor 8	0	0	1	1
Toll-like receptor 7	0	0	1	1
luciferase	0	0	0	1
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	1	0	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor	0	2	0	2
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	2	1	8
Progesterone receptor	0	2	0	3
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	1	1	2
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	0	1	1
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	0	2
Androgen receptor	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	0	1
Glutamine synthetase	0	0	1	1
Glycine receptor subunit beta	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Histamine H1 receptor	0	0	1	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	1
Nociceptin receptor	0	0	1	1
Cytochrome P450 2J2	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor beta	0	2	0	2
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE	0	1	0	1
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE	0	0	1	1
Polyphenol oxidase 2	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	0	0	1
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	0	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	1	0	1
SLC16A10 protein	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	0	0	1
Monocarboxylate transporter 10	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	0	0	1
Taste receptor type 2 member 14	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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