Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and less commonly, the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and palate, presenting soft, painless, round to oval sessile papules about 1 to 4 mm in diameter. The condition usually occurs in children and young adults and has familial predilection, lasting for several months, sometimes years, before running its course. A viral etiology is suspected, the isolated organism being usually the human papillomavirus. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry; Belshe, Textbook of Human Virology, 2d ed, p954)

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia, Focal Epithelial
Heck's Disease
Heck Disease
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia, Oral

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"The name "multifocal epithelial hyperplasia" is more accurate than those previously proposed designations, because it is more precise to describe the clinical and microscopic features of the disease."( Garcés-Ortíz, M; Hernández-Guerrero, JC; Ledesma-Montes, C, 2007)
"Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare disease of the oral mucosa caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV)."( Cortina de la Calle, P; García-Arpa, M; Romero-Aguilera, G; Sánchez-Caminero, P; Vera-Iglesias, E, 2007)
"Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare disease associated with human papilloma virus types 13 and 32."( Agnew, C; Alexander, S; Prabhu, N, 2017)

Research

Studies (23)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19902 (8.70)23.3326
1990's1 (4.35)12.5806
2000's12 (52.17)18.1394
2010's6 (26.09)28.8240
2020's2 (8.70)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
corticosterone0low10
prednisolone0low10
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide0low10
tyrosine0low10
betamethasone valerate0low10
imiquimod0low30
inositol 3-phosphate0low80
bromochloroacetic acid0low30
cysteine0low10
involucrin0low10
ubiquinone0low10
antroquinonol d0low10
transforming growth factor beta0low10

Protein Targets (235)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta0101
Protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha0101
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma5005
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
GLI family zinc finger 36006
AR protein7007
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
progesterone receptor4004
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]4004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 16006
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha4004
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha4004
pregnane X nuclear receptor6006
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha7007
G3003
cytochrome P450 2D63003
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma2002
aryl hydrocarbon receptor4004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
Histone H2A.x2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 23003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 16006
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
Glutamate receptor 23003
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A12002
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A10011
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
Luciferase1001
acid sphingomyelinase1001
interleukin 81001
acetylcholinesterase1001
PAX80001
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
pregnane X receptor2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit2002
USP1 protein, partial1001
TDP1 protein4004
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
PINK11001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)1001
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
67.9K protein1001
glucocerebrosidase1001
Parkin1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta1001
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor2002
heat shock protein 900011
caspase-31001
IDH12002
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 22002
calcineurin A1, putative0011
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
activating transcription factor 61001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha isoform 20101
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
perilipin-50101
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a2002
perilipin-10101
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
heat shock protein beta-12002
huntingtin isoform 21001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 11001
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
snurportin-11001
melanocortin receptor 40101
CAAX prenyl protease0001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
bcl-2-related protein A10101
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
geminin3003
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0101
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
peripheral myelin protein 222002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha0001
hexokinase HKDC10101
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 10011
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
lamin isoform A-delta102002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2002
Synaptojanin-20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20202
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0303
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Synaptojanin-10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30202
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Integrin beta-32002
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Integrin alpha-IIb2002
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32002
Trypanothione reductase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62002
Alpha-synuclein1001
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Spike glycoprotein1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22002
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
GABA theta subunit2002
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2002
Spermine oxidase0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
thioredoxin reductase1001
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
GALC protein1001
Thrombopoietin1001
nonstructural protein 11001
chromobox protein homolog 12002
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
survival motor neuron protein isoform d1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0202
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0224
Androgen receptor0202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 10202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20202
EWS/FLI fusion protein1001
DNA polymerase beta1001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40202
Bile salt export pump0202
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10202
Toll-like receptor 80011
Toll-like receptor 70011
luciferase0001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Estrogen receptor0202
Glucocorticoid receptor0218
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Androgen receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
Glutamine synthetase0011
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Nociceptin receptor0011
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Estrogen receptor beta0202
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Polyphenol oxidase 20001
Carbonic anhydrase 120001
Carbonic anhydrase 10001
Carbonic anhydrase 20001
Plasma kallikrein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 30001
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 60001
Adenosine receptor A10001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 70001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
SLC16A10 protein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 90001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Carbonic anhydrase 150001
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
Carbonic anhydrase 140001
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]