12-o-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate profile

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent tumor promoter. It is a diterpene ester found in the plant species Croton tiglium. The name TPA is frequently used for 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. **12-O-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate** is a similar compound, but it is less commonly studied.

Here's why TPA (and its similar compounds like 12-O-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate) are important for research:

**1. Tumor Promotion:**

* TPA is a potent tumor promoter, meaning it can accelerate the development of cancer in cells that have already been exposed to carcinogens (cancer-causing agents).
* This property makes TPA a valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms of tumor development.

**2. Activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC):**

* TPA is a strong activator of protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme involved in signal transduction pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
* PKC activation by TPA is responsible for many of its biological effects, including tumor promotion.

**3. Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis:**

* TPA can induce both proliferation and differentiation in various cell types.
* It can also trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain cells.
* This complex interplay of effects makes TPA a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms of cell growth, differentiation, and death.

**4. Research Applications:**

* **Cancer Research:** TPA is used in studies investigating cancer development and treatment.
* **Immunology:** TPA is used to study the immune system, particularly the activation of T cells.
* **Neuroscience:** TPA is used to study the role of PKC in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity.

**5. Caution:**

* TPA is a potent compound and must be handled with care. It is a skin irritant and can cause severe inflammation.
* It is not used as a therapeutic agent in humans due to its toxicity.

**In summary:**

TPA (and its similar compound 12-O-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate) are important for research because they can activate PKC and have significant effects on cell signaling, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These properties make them valuable tools for studying cancer development, the immune system, and other biological processes. However, their potent nature requires careful handling and they are not used clinically due to their toxicity.

12-O-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate: from fruit & stems of Ostodes paniculata; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Ostodes	genus	[no description available]	Euphorbiaceae	The spurge family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees. Members contain securinine.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6274653
MeSH ID	M000608681

Synonym
85527-86-2
nsc 353447
undecadienoic acid, 9a-(acetyloxy)-1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9,9a-decahydro-4a,7b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-5-oxo-1h-cyclopropa(3,4)benz(1,2-e)azulen-9-yl ester, (1ar-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9beta,9aalpha))-
12-o-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate
[13-acetyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-4,12,12,15-tetramethyl-5-oxo-14-tetracyclo[8.5.0.02,6.011,13]pentadeca-3,8-dienyl] (2e,4e)-undeca-2,4-dienoate

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	10 (83.33)	24.3611
2020's	2 (16.67)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	12 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
caffeine [no description available]	2.17	1	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.13	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.13	1	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.15	1	taxifolin	metabolite
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.13	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.13	1
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.13	1
quercetin [no description available]	2.15	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.13	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
tussilagone tussilagone: an oplopanone type saturated indene sesquiterpene; platelet activating factor antagonist	2.13	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.61	2
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.9	3
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.9	3
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.31	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.59	2
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.59	2
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.17	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.17	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.82	3
Anasarca [description not available]	2.13	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.13	1
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.53	2
HPV Infection [description not available]	2.13	1
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.13	1
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.13	1
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	2.13	1

12-o-undecadienoylphorbol-13-acetate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (5)

Research

Studies (12)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.97

Study Types