Compounds > qs 21
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

qs 21

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID73652135
CHEMBL ID5183733
MeSH IDM0211084

Synonyms (19)

Synonym
qs-21-api
qa 21
qa 21v1
qs21
qs 21
141256-04-4
3lhl0s9kbm ,
unii-3lhl0s9kbm
saponin qa-21v1
saponin qa 21v1
CHEMBL5183733
qs-21v1
qa-21v1
qs-21-apiose isomer
MS-32234
HY-101092
DTXSID601318719
CS-0020802
AKOS040756745

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" No toxic effects were observed, even after the administration of the experimental vaccines three times at monthly intervals."( Immunogenicity and toxicity testing of an experimental HIV-1 vaccine in nonhuman primates.
Coughlin, RT; Kensil, CR; Murphy, CI; Newman, MJ; Seals, JR; Wu, JY; Wyand, MS, 1992)		0.28
" The vaccines were found to be safe in 87/89 (97."( Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of new formulations of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria peptide vaccine SPf66 combined with the immunological adjuvant QS-21.
Amador, R; Barbosa, A; Daubenberger, CA; Guzman, F; Kashala, O; Moreno, A; Nickel, B; Patarroyo, ME; Pluschke, G; Valero, MV, 2002)		0.31
" Using a rhesus monkey model, we found that LSA1 formulated with the GlaxoSmithKline proprietary adjuvant system AS01B (LSA1/AS01B) was safe and immunogenic, inducing high titers of antigen-specific antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses, as monitored by the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon, using intracellular cytokine staining."( Preclinical evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine consisting of Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 1 with adjuvant AS01B administered alone or concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01B vaccine in rhesus primates.
Ballou, WR; Cohen, JD; Fukuda, MM; Gettayacamin, M; Heppner, DG; Kum-Arb, U; Lanar, DE; Limsalakpetch, A; Mettens, P; Pichyangkul, S; Stewart, VA; Ware, LA; Yongvanitchit, K, 2008)		0.35

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"SPf66 is a synthetic malaria peptide vaccine, which has been widely tested in combination with aluminium hydroxide (alum) as the adjuvant."( Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of new formulations of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria peptide vaccine SPf66 combined with the immunological adjuvant QS-21.
Amador, R; Barbosa, A; Daubenberger, CA; Guzman, F; Kashala, O; Moreno, A; Nickel, B; Patarroyo, ME; Pluschke, G; Valero, MV, 2002)		0.31

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" QS-21 shifted the antigen dose-response curve for antibody production by as much as three orders of magnitude, enabling a more economical use of antigen."( Effect of adjuvants on immunogenicity of MN recombinant glycoprotein 120 in guinea pigs.
Eastman, DJ; Kensil, CR; Lim, A; Lucas, C; Newman, MJ; Peterson, M; Powell, MF; Vennari, J; Weissburg, RP; Wrin, T, 1995)		0.29
" The use of QS21 shifted the dose-response curve, resulting in less MN rgp120 required to achieve equivalent titers to those in the alum formulations."( Immunogenicity and HIV-1 virus neutralization of MN recombinant glycoprotein 120/HIV-1 QS21 vaccine in baboons .
Cleland, JL; Eastman, DJ; Lim, A; Murthy, K; Newman, MJ; Nunberg, JH; Powell, MF; Vennari, JC; Weissburg, RP; Wrin, T, 1994)		0.29
" In this study, we prepared DS-1 (deacylated QS-21) and RDS-1 (reacylated DS-1 with dodecylamine at a different site than QS-21) to determine the effect on a dose-response curve over a wider range in mice."( QS-21 structure/function studies: effect of acylation on adjuvant activity.
Anderson, C; Barbon, J; Kensil, CR; Liu, G; Scaltreto, H, 2002)		0.31
" We are now conducting a de-escalation dosing study with NP-polySA-KLH to better assess the immunogenicity, toxicities, and optimal dose of this vaccine."( Vaccination of small cell lung cancer patients with polysialic acid or N-propionylated polysialic acid conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
Baez, V; Guo, Z; Hood, C; Jennings, HJ; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; Livingston, PO; Miller, V; Ng, KK; Pizzo, B; Ragupathi, G; Tyson, L, 2004)		0.32
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (12)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1848677Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in IL-21 expressing CD4+ effector T cells in spleen at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848660Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in anti-OVA IgG antibody in serum at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at 2, 4 and 6 weeks in presence of chicken egg ovalbumin by ELISA2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848688Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as reduction in TFR cells in spleen at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848685Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in ratio of TFH to TFR cells at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848690Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in dark zone B cells at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848682Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in CD19+ B cells in spleen at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848667Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse Splenocyte assessed as increase in CD8+ T cells at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848674Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in IL-4 expressing CD4+ effector T cells in spleen at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848661Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in anti-OVA IgG2a antibody in serum at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at 2 weeks in presence of chicken egg ovalbumin by ELISA2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848668Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse Splenocyte assessed as increase in CD4+ T cells at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848680Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in follicular helper T cells in spleen at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at week 6 post immunization by flow cytometry analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
AID1848664Immuno-adjuvant activity in BALB/c mouse assessed as increase in anti-OVA Ig2a antibody in serum at 20 ug, sc administered on day 0, 14 and 28 and measured at 4 and 6 weeks in presence of chicken egg ovalbumin by ELISA2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (146)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's35 (23.97)18.2507
2000's60 (41.10)29.6817
2010's38 (26.03)24.3611
2020's13 (8.90)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials23 (15.44%)5.53%
Reviews13 (8.72%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other113 (75.84%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		3.3911benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.39202-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		3.1410uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		210nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		2.1110
dimethyldioctadecylammonium
dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.7330hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		2.0110epoxide
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		3.81110aluminium sulfate
rhamnose
[no description available]		2.3110L-rhamnose
tucaresol
tucaresol: causes a dose-dependent left-shift of the oxygen saturation curve of hemoglobin S by stabilization of its oxy-(R)-conformation; an anti-sickling agent		2.110
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.1510imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
aluminum phosphate
aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt		1.9910
thomsen-friedenreich antigen
Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen: do not confuse with T antigens, which are viral		3.4111
1,2-distearoyllecithin
[no description available]		2.1110
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		1.9810D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
quillaic acid
quillaic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 16, an oxo group at position 23 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 3beta,16alpha stereoisomer).		2.4920aldehyde;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
metabolite
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
[no description available]		2.1110
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		2.3110D-xylose
cycloartane
cycloartane : A triterpene that is lanostane in which there is a methylene bridge between the 5- and 9-positions.		2.1510triterpene
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.3911cyclodextrin
glycosides
[no description available]		1.9810
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		3.8530triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.0310
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		3.5280
globo-h
alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc : An amino trisaccharide consisting of alpha-L-fucose, beta-D-galactose and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues joined by sequential (1->2)- and (1->3)-linkages.		3.411alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-D-GlcpNAcepitope
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2.11101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
ganglioside, gd2
[no description available]		2.0110
beta-escin
[no description available]		16.7114926
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		9.12292dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
mart-1 antigen
MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.		3.411
g(m2) ganglioside
G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.		5.4944N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotriaosylceramide		antigen
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		3.821alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.0310
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.11101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
sapogenins
Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.		2.0310
ginsenoside rh4
ginsenoside Rh4: isolated from Korean red ginseng Panax ginseng; structure in first source		2.0310triterpenoid saponin
glycolipids
[no description available]		2.0110
gpi0100
GPI0100: quillaja saponin semi-synthetic analog; a systemic and mucosal adjuvant, has potential use in the development of vaccines against periodontal, as well as other pathogens		2.0210
quil a
Quil A: produces antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus		2.0310
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.0110
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.1310
lewis y antigen
[no description available]		4.3141
qs 7
QS 7: isolated from Quillaja saponaria; putative structure in first source		1.9910
fucosyl gm1 ganglioside
[no description available]		210
quillaja saponins
Quillaja Saponins: Natural detergents made up of a heterogeneous mixture of molecules having a triterpenoid core structure. They vary in aglycone (sapogenin) and sugar moieties, including glucose.		2.0310
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.7630
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.7630
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		05.8142
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		05.8142
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.2510
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.4370
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		05.7371
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		05.7371
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.7830
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.7830
Shingles
[description not available]		02.2110
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2110
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.2110
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.2110
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.2110
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.2110
Campylobacter Infection
[description not available]		02.2110
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		03.4711
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		07.72107
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		04.1231
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		07.72107
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		04.1231
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.4920
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.4920
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		07.5444
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		09.6399
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		09.6399
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		07.5444
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
[description not available]		02.4620
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.		02.4620
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.1510
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		02.1510
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		010.481413
Angiitis
[description not available]		03.4311
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.4311
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.0410
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4420
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.4420
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.4420
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.3340
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		04.3340
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.9610
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.9610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.4220
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections
[description not available]		02.4420
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.4220
Benign Mastocytoma
[description not available]		02.0610
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		02.0110
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.0110
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.0110
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.0110
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4320
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.0110
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		02.0110
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.0110
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		02.0110
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		03.821
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		03.821
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		03.821
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		03.821
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0210
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.8121
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		03.4111
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.8121
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.730
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.730
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		02.0310
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		02.4120
Infections, Poxviridae
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.8121
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		02.0310
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		02.0310
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.8121
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		02.0310
B. burgdorferi Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.		01.9810
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		01.9810
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		01.9810
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		01.9810
AIDS, Simian
[description not available]		01.9810
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		02.9140
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		0210
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		0210
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		0210
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		0210
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid
[description not available]		03.3911
Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.		03.3911
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.		03.3911
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		0210
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		0210
Ache
[description not available]		05.2722
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		05.2722
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		04.3111
Dermatoses
[description not available]		04.3111
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		04.3111
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		04.3111
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.0110
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.0110