A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644]
BMP-4;
Bone morphogenetic protein 2B;
BMP-2B
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (100.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 0 (0.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dorsomorphin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4300 | 1 | 1 |
| ldn 193189 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0049 | 1 | 1 |
| ml347 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.0000 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 7 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| cytokine activity | molecular function | The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. [ISBN:0198599471, PMID:11530802] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| growth factor activity | molecular function | The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation. [ISBN:0815316194] |
| heparin binding | molecular function | Binding to heparin, a member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
| co-receptor binding | molecular function | Binding to a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] |
| chemoattractant activity | molecular function | Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] |
| BMP receptor binding | molecular function | Binding to a BMP receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk] |
This protein is located in 3 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| extracellular region | cellular component | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators] |
| extracellular space | cellular component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| endoplasmic reticulum lumen | cellular component | The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. [ISBN:0198547684] |
This protein is active in 1 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| extracellular space | cellular component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
This protein is involved in 118 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| osteoblast differentiation | biological process | The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. [CL:0000062, GO_REF:0000034, GOC:jid] |
| metanephros development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0192800752] |
| branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. [GOC:dph, PMID:16916378] |
| kidney development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544] |
| mesonephros development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:10535314] |
| neural tube closure | biological process | The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437] |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add] |
| endochondral ossification | biological process | Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. [GO_REF:0000034, ISBN:0878932437] |
| blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis | biological process | The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:16391003] |
| chondrocyte differentiation | biological process | The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. [GOC:dph] |
| hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. [GOC:add, GOC:rl, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16551251] |
| lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages. [GOC:add, PMID:16551251, PMID:16551264] |
| heart morphogenesis | biological process | The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete] |
| renal system process | biological process | A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). [GOC:cjm, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] |
| heart induction | biological process | The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| secondary heart field specification | biological process | The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:rl, PMID:17276708] |
| outflow tract septum morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| membranous septum morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| sinoatrial node development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| aortic valve morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| pulmonary valve morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| endocardial cushion development | biological process | The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| cardiac septum development | biological process | The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| type B pancreatic cell development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. [CL:0000169, GOC:dph] |
| transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological process | The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, ISBN:0321000382] |
| germ cell development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. [GOC:go_curators] |
| endoderm development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| mesodermal cell fate determination | biological process | The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437] |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| anterior/posterior axis specification | biological process | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
| specification of animal organ position | biological process | The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ. [GOC:curators] |
| regulation of cell fate commitment | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| positive regulation of gene expression | biological process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| negative regulation of gene expression | biological process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | biological process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning | biological process | The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869] |
| telencephalon regionalization | biological process | The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mgi_curators] |
| pituitary gland development | biological process | The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
| erythrocyte differentiation | biological process | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. [GOC:mah] |
| monocyte differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. [GOC:mah] |
| macrophage differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| positive regulation of bone mineralization | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. [GOC:go_curators] |
| BMP signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0878932437, PMID:17428827] |
| positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators] |
| negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. [GOC:mah] |
| negative regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. [GOC:add, GOC:mah] |
| negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus. [GOC:add, GOC:mah] |
| embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis | biological process | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. [ISBN:0198612001] |
| tendon cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance. [CL:0000388, GOC:yaf, PMID:21412429] |
| deltoid tuberosity development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase. [GOC:yaf, PMID:17567668, UBERON:0002498, Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity] |
| ameloblast differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ. [CL:0000059] |
| odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. [GOC:cjm, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10333884, PMID:15355794] |
| odontogenesis | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
| regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:15355794] |
| inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. [CL:0000201, GOC:jl] |
| embryonic digit morphogenesis | biological process | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, UBERON:0002544] |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of neuron differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| negative regulation of cell cycle | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
| negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell. [GOC:dgh] |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc] |
| neuron fate commitment | biological process | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. [GOC:dph] |
| embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. [GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, PMID:16049113] |
| smooth muscle tissue development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm] |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai] |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai] |
| positive chemotaxis | biological process | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, GOC:isa_complete] |
| smooth muscle cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. [CL:0000192, GOC:ai] |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ai] |
| cardiac muscle cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart] |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development | biological process | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. [GOC:vk] |
| lens induction in camera-type eye | biological process | Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437] |
| embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton. [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, UBERON:0000982] |
| cranial suture morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:pr, GOC:sl] |
| positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction | biological process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| lung vasculature development | biological process | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung] |
| trachea formation | biological process | The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. [GOC:dph] |
| branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. [GOC:dph] |
| bud elongation involved in lung branching | biological process | The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung] |
| prostatic bud formation | biological process | The morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth. [GOC:dph, PMID:18977204] |
| mammary gland formation | biological process | The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme. [GOC:dph, PMID:16168142, PMID:17120154] |
| epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling | biological process | Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted. [GOC:dph] |
| negative regulation of prostatic bud formation | biological process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth. [GOC:dph] |
| regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis | biological process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. [GOC:dph] |
| coronary vasculature development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart] |
| positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis | biological process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. [GOC:dph, GOC:yaf] |
| pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, PMID:20122914] |
| negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781765196] |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to BMP stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf] |
| glomerular capillary formation | biological process | The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] |
| negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] |
| nephric duct formation | biological process | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] |
| ureter morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development | biological process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10] |
| negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | biological process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, GOC:yaf] |
| negative regulation of glomerulus development | biological process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, GOC:yaf] |
| positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| negative regulation of miRNA transcription | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24699545] |
| pericyte cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pericyte cell. [GO_REF:0000086, GOC:dph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23868830] |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23246467] |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20693317] |
| positive regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:17628518] |
| regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23765923] |
| negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:obol, GOC:yaf] |
| negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:obol, GOC:yaf] |
| positive regulation of primary miRNA processing | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl] |
| negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |