symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell PML body

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host PML body. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]

Symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell PML bodies is a fascinating biological process that involves the manipulation of the host cell's nuclear architecture by a symbiont organism. PML bodies, also known as nuclear bodies, are dynamic structures within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including DNA repair, transcription regulation, and antiviral defense. Here's how symbionts disrupt this process:

1. **Symbiont Entry and Localization:** The symbiont, often a bacterium or a virus, enters the host cell and establishes itself within the cytoplasm or nucleus.

2. **Targeting PML Bodies:** The symbiont, through its encoded proteins or by hijacking host cellular machinery, targets PML bodies. This targeting might involve direct binding to PML proteins or indirect manipulation of host signaling pathways that influence PML body formation and function.

3. **Disruption of PML Body Integrity:** The symbiont can disrupt the integrity of PML bodies in several ways:

* **Disassembly:** The symbiont may induce the disassembly of PML bodies, dispersing their components throughout the nucleus. This can be achieved by interfering with the assembly process or by directly targeting PML proteins for degradation.

* **Reorganization:** The symbiont might cause the PML bodies to reorganize or relocate within the nucleus. This alteration in spatial distribution can affect their function and interaction with other nuclear structures.

* **Functional Inhibition:** The symbiont can disrupt the normal function of PML bodies without necessarily altering their structure. This might involve interfering with the recruitment of specific proteins or inhibiting the enzymatic activity of PML body components.

4. **Consequences for the Host Cell:** Disruption of PML bodies can have significant consequences for the host cell, including:

* **Compromised antiviral defense:** PML bodies play a role in antiviral responses by sequestering viral proteins and promoting the degradation of viral DNA. Their disruption can weaken the host's defense against viral infections.

* **Deregulation of gene expression:** PML bodies are involved in the regulation of gene expression, including the control of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Their disruption can lead to uncontrolled cell growth or cell death.

* **Increased susceptibility to stress:** PML bodies are implicated in the cellular response to various stresses, including DNA damage and oxidative stress. Disruption of these bodies can compromise the host cell's ability to cope with environmental challenges.

5. **Symbiotic Advantages:** Symbionts can benefit from disrupting PML bodies in several ways:

* **Enhanced replication:** By inhibiting antiviral responses, symbionts can enhance their own replication within the host cell.

* **Increased persistence:** By disrupting the host's stress response, symbionts can prolong their survival within the host cell.

* **Evasion of immune surveillance:** Some symbionts may use PML body disruption to avoid recognition by the host's immune system.

In summary, symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell PML bodies is a complex process with far-reaching consequences for the host cell's biological functions. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this disruption is crucial for elucidating the strategies used by symbionts to establish and maintain their symbiotic relationship with their host.
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (136)