acid phosphatase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum. [EC:3.1.3.2]
Acid phosphatase activity is a hydrolytic enzymatic activity that catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate. This activity is highly specific for the removal of phosphate groups from organic molecules, such as esters, amides, and anhydrides. The reaction typically occurs at a pH below 7.0, hence the name "acid" phosphatase. Acid phosphatases play crucial roles in various cellular processes including:
1. **Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles**: Acid phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation state of proteins and other molecules by removing phosphate groups. This process is essential for signal transduction, enzyme activation, and cellular growth and development.
2. **Metabolic pathways**: Acid phosphatases participate in various metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, by removing phosphate groups from intermediary molecules.
3. **Lysosomal function**: Acid phosphatases are found in lysosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for degrading cellular waste and foreign material. They play a critical role in the breakdown of phosphate-containing compounds within the lysosome.
4. **Bone metabolism**: Acid phosphatases are involved in bone formation and resorption by acting on bone matrix components and regulating the release of calcium ions.
5. **Disease processes**: Dysregulation of acid phosphatase activity can contribute to various disease processes, including cancer, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
Acid phosphatases are diverse in their substrate specificity, tissue distribution, and regulatory mechanisms. They are classified into several families, each with unique characteristics and functions. The specific role of an acid phosphatase in a particular cell or tissue is determined by its substrate specificity, its regulation by cellular signaling pathways, and its interaction with other proteins.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase | A low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P11064, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase | A low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P24666] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (31)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| pyridoxal phosphate | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE). | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyrimethamine | Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| adrenalone | adrenalone: RN given refers to parent cpd | aromatic ketone | |
| chlorendic acid | chlorendic acid : A bridged organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with maleic anhydride followed by hydrolysis of the resulting anhydride. A chemical intermediate used in the preparation of fire-retardant polyester resins and plasticisers. chlorendic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | bridged compound; dicarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent |
| oleanolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite | |
| erythromycin | erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus). erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| ursolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite | |
| abt 980 | |||
| moronic acid | moronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group. moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI | pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-HSV-1 agent; metabolite |
| morolic acid | morolic acid: from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source | ||
| cefsulodin | cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. | cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide | antibacterial drug |
| 4-chloro-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-dithiazolimine | methoxybenzenes; substituted aniline | ||
| 6-(1,4,5,7-tetramethyl-6-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinyl)quinoline | quinolines | ||
| 2-[6-(carboxymethyl)-9-ethyl-3-carbazolyl]acetic acid | carbazoles | ||
| 5-(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazole | oxadiazole; ring assembly | ||
| N-(2-furanylmethyl)-2-imino-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)-3-dipyrido[1,2-d-3',4'-f]pyrimidinecarboxamide | pyridopyrimidine | ||
| (4,7-dichloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazine | benzothiazoles | ||
| 1-cyclopropyl-7-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylsulfonyl)-1-piperazinyl]-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid | quinolines | ||
| N-[4-[[[(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-oxomethyl]hydrazo]-oxomethyl]phenyl]pentanamide | amidobenzoic acid | ||
| 2-[[5-(2-furanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone | aryl sulfide | ||
| 2-phenyl-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)quinolin-4-amine | quinolines | ||
| 2-[4-(2-methyl-4-quinolinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-phenylthiazole | piperazines; pyridines | ||
| 2-[8-(6-amino-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)octyl]-3H-benzimidazol-5-amine | benzimidazoles | ||
| 4-(dimethylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid [2-oxo-2-(3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)ethyl] ester | benzoxazine | ||
| 2-[2-[(3-chloro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-oxomethyl]imino-6-sulfamoyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-yl]acetic acid ethyl ester | alpha-amino acid ester | ||
| morin | morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria) | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| cefdinir | cephalosporin; ketoxime | antibacterial drug | |
| 3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-indole-5-carboxylic acid | 3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid: an SHP2 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| rk 682 | |||
| akt-i-1,2 compound | Akt-I-1,2 compound: an aminopeptidase P inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| 3-benzyladenine |