negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:rph, PMID:26022821]

Negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding is a complex biological process that aims to limit excessive inflammation and promote tissue repair. This process is initiated upon tissue injury, when the damaged cells release signaling molecules like cytokines and chemokines, triggering an inflammatory cascade. While inflammation is essential for the initial response to injury, it must be tightly controlled to prevent damage to surrounding tissues and promote healing.

Several mechanisms contribute to the negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding:

1. **Resolution of inflammation:** This phase is characterized by the removal of inflammatory cells, debris, and mediators, and the transition to tissue repair. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) like resolvins, protectins, and maresins are produced by immune cells and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. These SPMs have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, modulating the activity of immune cells and promoting tissue repair.

2. **Apoptosis of inflammatory cells:** Inflammation resolution is also achieved by apoptosis, or programmed cell death, of inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages. This process prevents the accumulation of dead cells and further tissue damage.

3. **Anti-inflammatory cytokine production:** The body also produces anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, which suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the activity of inflammatory cells.

4. **Immune cell suppression:** Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other immune cells suppress the activation and proliferation of pro-inflammatory T cells, thus dampening the inflammatory response.

5. **Extracellular matrix remodeling:** The degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for tissue repair. MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), a family of enzymes, degrade the ECM, while TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) regulate their activity, preventing excessive ECM degradation and promoting tissue regeneration.

6. **Neuroendocrine modulation:** The nervous and endocrine systems also play a role in regulating inflammation. For example, the sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamines, which can suppress inflammation. Hormones such as cortisol also have anti-inflammatory effects.

These mechanisms work together to ensure that the inflammatory response to wounding is tightly controlled, allowing for efficient tissue repair while minimizing damage to the surrounding tissues. Disruptions in this process can lead to chronic inflammation and impaired wound healing.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (46)