protein desumoylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:11265250]

Protein desumoylation is a crucial biological process that involves the removal of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) proteins from target proteins. SUMOylation, the attachment of SUMO proteins, is a reversible post-translational modification that plays a vital role in regulating various cellular processes, including protein stability, localization, and interactions. Desumoylation is mediated by a family of enzymes called SUMO proteases or SENPs (Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases). These enzymes recognize and cleave the isopeptide bond between the SUMO protein and its target, releasing the SUMO moiety and restoring the target protein to its unmodified state. The process begins with the recognition of the SUMO-conjugated target protein by the SENP. The enzyme then utilizes its catalytic cysteine residue to attack the isopeptide bond between SUMO and the target protein, leading to the formation of a thioester intermediate. Subsequently, a water molecule attacks the thioester bond, releasing the SUMO protein and regenerating the active SENP enzyme. Desumoylation plays critical roles in various biological processes, including: * **Transcriptional regulation:** Desumoylation of transcription factors can modulate their activity, influencing gene expression. * **DNA repair:** Desumoylation is essential for efficient DNA damage repair mechanisms. * **Apoptosis:** Desumoylation can regulate the apoptotic pathway, contributing to cell death. * **Signaling pathways:** Desumoylation can modulate the activity of signaling proteins, impacting cellular responses. * **Protein stability:** Desumoylation can influence protein stability, promoting either degradation or protection from degradation. Dysregulation of desumoylation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In summary, desumoylation is a critical cellular process that dynamically regulates the activity and fate of target proteins. It involves the precise action of SUMO proteases, SENPs, which catalyze the removal of SUMO proteins from their targets, ultimately impacting a wide range of cellular functions and contributing to overall cellular homeostasis.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (9)