transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.48]

Transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is a complex enzymatic process involving transmembrane receptors that possess intrinsic tyrosine phosphatase activity. These receptors play crucial roles in cellular signaling pathways, mediating a wide range of biological functions. They function by removing phosphate groups (dephosphorylation) from tyrosine residues on target proteins, thereby regulating protein activity and downstream signaling events. The process typically involves the following steps: 1. Ligand binding: A specific ligand, such as a growth factor or cytokine, binds to the extracellular domain of the transmembrane receptor. This binding event triggers a conformational change in the receptor, activating its tyrosine phosphatase activity. 2. Autophosphorylation: Upon activation, the receptor undergoes autophosphorylation, meaning that it adds a phosphate group to one or more of its own tyrosine residues. This autophosphorylation event serves as a key step in initiating the signaling cascade. 3. Substrate recruitment and dephosphorylation: The phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the activated receptor serve as docking sites for other signaling proteins, including adaptor proteins and effector enzymes. These proteins bind to the receptor via their SH2 domains, which specifically recognize phosphorylated tyrosine residues. Once bound, the receptor's tyrosine phosphatase activity can dephosphorylate tyrosine residues on its associated substrates. This dephosphorylation event can either activate or inhibit the activity of the substrate protein, depending on the specific signaling pathway. 4. Signal transduction: The dephosphorylation of substrate proteins by the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase triggers downstream signaling events, ultimately leading to changes in cellular behavior, such as cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis. Examples of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases include receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (RPTPα), receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTPβ), and leukocyte common antigen-related protein (LAR). These phosphatases are involved in various signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, migration, and immune responses.'
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Proteins (8)

Compounds (43)