outflow tract morphogenesis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. [GOC:mtg_heart, UBERON:0004145]

Outflow tract morphogenesis is a crucial developmental process in the formation of the heart, ultimately leading to the development of the aorta and pulmonary artery. This process starts with the formation of the outflow tract (OFT), a tube-like structure at the anterior end of the developing heart. The OFT consists of two distinct compartments, the conotruncus and the truncus arteriosus. The conotruncus, proximal to the ventricle, is further subdivided into the conus and the bulbus cordis.

During early development, the OFT is characterized by a population of proliferating myocardial cells that form a single layer. As development progresses, these cells differentiate into specialized cell types, including smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, which will ultimately give rise to the vessels of the mature heart.

The OFT undergoes a series of complex morphogenetic events, including:

* **Conotruncal septation:** This process separates the OFT into two distinct vessels, the aorta and pulmonary artery. It is mediated by the formation of a cushion-like structure called the conotruncal septum. This septum grows from the ventral wall of the OFT and eventually fuses with the dorsal wall, dividing the OFT into two separate channels.
* **Truncal septation:** This process separates the two vessels further, beginning with the formation of two opposing ridges, the aorticopulmonary septum. These ridges grow towards each other and ultimately fuse, completing the separation of the aorta and pulmonary artery.

These processes are highly regulated and involve complex interactions between signaling molecules, transcription factors, and extracellular matrix components.

Genetic and environmental factors can disrupt OFT morphogenesis, leading to congenital heart defects. These defects can range in severity, from relatively minor defects that do not require surgery, to more severe defects that require immediate medical intervention. Examples of OFT defects include Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and truncus arteriosus.

Understanding the intricate details of OFT morphogenesis is essential for developing therapies for congenital heart defects and for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying these debilitating conditions.'
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Proteins (12)

Compounds (318)