Target type: biologicalprocess
The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin. [PMID:10604470, RESID:AA0290]
Peptidyl-serine octanoylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) where an octanoyl group (an eight-carbon fatty acid) is attached to the hydroxyl group of a serine residue in a protein. This process is catalyzed by octanoyltransferases, enzymes that specifically recognize and modify serine residues within a protein sequence.
Octanoylation plays a crucial role in regulating diverse cellular processes, including:
1. **Protein stability and folding:** Octanoylation can alter the conformation of proteins, promoting their proper folding and stability. It can also protect proteins from degradation.
2. **Protein-protein interactions:** The octanoyl group can serve as a recognition site for other proteins, mediating protein-protein interactions and signaling pathways.
3. **Cellular localization:** Octanoylation can target proteins to specific cellular compartments, such as the membrane or nucleus, where they can exert their functions.
4. **Enzyme activity:** Octanoylation can modulate the activity of enzymes by altering their conformation or binding to specific substrates.
The mechanism of peptidyl-serine octanoylation involves several steps:
1. **Recognition:** The octanoyltransferase enzyme recognizes a specific serine residue within the target protein. The enzyme's active site contains residues that interact with the serine and surrounding amino acids, ensuring specificity.
2. **Activation:** The octanoyltransferase enzyme activates the octanoyl group by transferring it from a donor molecule, such as octanoyl-CoA, to a cysteine residue within the enzyme's active site.
3. **Transfer:** The activated octanoyl group is then transferred from the enzyme to the hydroxyl group of the serine residue in the target protein.
4. **Release:** The modified protein is released from the octanoyltransferase enzyme, ready to carry out its functions.
Octanoylation is a dynamic process that can be regulated by various factors, including cellular stress, nutrient availability, and signaling pathways. Understanding the role of octanoylation in different biological processes is essential for developing new therapies for a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Ghrelin O-acyltransferase | A ghrelin O-acyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96T53] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| ethylmaleimide | Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| estrone | Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-cyclohexen-1-one | 2-cyclohexen-1-one: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with specified locant for double bond cyclohex-2-enone : A cyclohexenone having its C=C double bond at the 2-position. cyclohexenone : The parent compound of the cyclohexenones, composed of cyclohexanone having one double bond in the ring. | cyclohexenone | |
| ursolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite | |
| cholest-4-en-3-one | cholest-4-en-3-one : A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cholestanoid | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| taraxerol | taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15. taraxerol: structure | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | metabolite |
| androstan-3-one | |||
| Bardoxolone | cyclohexenones | ||
| bardoxolone methyl | methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source | cyclohexenones | |
| 1-(2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oyl) imidazole | |||
| 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide | 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide: synthetic potential anticarcinogenic |