Page last updated: 2024-10-24

phosphate ion binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a phosphate ion. [GOC:jl]

Phosphate ion binding is a crucial molecular function that plays a fundamental role in various cellular processes. Phosphate ions, often referred to as inorganic phosphates (Pi), are essential for numerous biochemical reactions and structural integrity. The binding of phosphate ions to proteins and other biomolecules can have significant effects on their function and stability.

**Molecular Mechanisms of Phosphate Ion Binding:**

- **Electrostatic Interactions:** The negatively charged phosphate ion interacts with positively charged amino acid residues in proteins, primarily through electrostatic interactions. These interactions can be strong and specific, enabling the formation of stable complexes.
- **Hydrogen Bonding:** Phosphate ions can form hydrogen bonds with polar amino acid residues like serine, threonine, and tyrosine. These bonds contribute to the stability and specificity of the phosphate-binding site.
- **Hydrophobic Interactions:** In some cases, hydrophobic interactions can also contribute to phosphate ion binding, especially when the phosphate ion is buried within a protein's hydrophobic pocket.

**Biological Functions of Phosphate Ion Binding:**

- **Enzyme Regulation:** Phosphate ions are essential for regulating the activity of many enzymes. Phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, is a common mechanism for activating or deactivating enzymes. Kinases, a family of enzymes, catalyze phosphorylation reactions, while phosphatases remove phosphate groups.
- **Signal Transduction:** Phosphate ion binding plays a critical role in signal transduction pathways. Signaling molecules, such as hormones and growth factors, often activate intracellular signaling cascades involving phosphorylation events.
- **DNA and RNA Metabolism:** Phosphate ions are integral components of DNA and RNA molecules, forming the backbone of these nucleic acids. The binding of phosphate ions to DNA and RNA is essential for their structure, stability, and function.
- **Metabolic Processes:** Phosphate ions participate in various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. These pathways generate ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.
- **Cellular Structure:** Phosphate ions contribute to the structural integrity of cells by forming part of the phospholipid bilayer, the primary component of cell membranes.

**Conclusion:**

Phosphate ion binding is a vital molecular function that underlies a wide range of cellular processes. Its ability to regulate enzyme activity, participate in signaling pathways, and contribute to the structure and function of biomolecules makes it essential for life. The diverse mechanisms of phosphate ion binding, including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, ensure the specificity and efficiency of these interactions.'
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Proteins (7)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1A neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q6PIU2]Homo sapiens (human)
Transcription factor p65A transcription factor p65 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2An adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30520]Homo sapiens (human)
Purine nucleoside phosphorylaseA purine nucleoside phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00491]Homo sapiens (human)
Ornithine transcarbamylase, mitochondrialAn ornithine transcarbamylase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00480]Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2BA sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O95436]Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseA cGMP-dependent 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00408]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (148)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
phosphoric acidphosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.

phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4
phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
diphosphoric aciddiphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
Escherichia coli metabolite
my 5445MY 5445: potential platelet aggregation inhibitorpyridazines;
ring assembly
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
cilostamidecilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structurequinolines
dipyridamoledipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.

Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol
adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase
amrinoneamrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.

Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.
bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
beta-lapachonebeta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.

beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase
benzochromenone;
orthoquinones
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first sourcechromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
milrinonebipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
papaverinepapaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.

Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines
antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pentoxifyllineoxopurine
phloretindihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
proxyphyllineoxopurine
pyrimethamineMaloprim: contains above 2 cpdsaminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipasecarbamate ester;
organonitrogen compound
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.methoxybenzenes
roliprampyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
sanguinarinebenzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
sulmazolesulmazole : An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl group. An A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, it was formerly used as a cardiotonic agent.

sulmazole: structure given in first source
imidazopyridine;
sulfoxide
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
trequinsintrequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first sourcepyridopyrimidine
zardaverinezardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.

zardaverine: structure given in first source
organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
gibberellic acidgibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure

gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.
C19-gibberellin;
gibberellin monocarboxylic acid;
lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
2-chloroadenosine5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first sourcepurine nucleoside
cycloguanilcycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.

cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source
triazinesantifolate;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
oleanolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
plant metabolite
hadacidinhadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.

hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
methylene diphosphonatemedronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)bone density conservation agent;
chelator
cladribineorganochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
helenalinhelenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).

helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure

NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.
cyclic ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
sesquiterpene lactone
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
enoximoneEnoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.aromatic ketone
3-deazaguanine3-deazaguanine: structure
imazodanimazodan: RN & structure given in first source;
adenosinequinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlitadenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
ursolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
betulinic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamatepyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.

pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd
dithiocarbamic acids;
pyrrolidines
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bufrolinbufrolin: inhibits the release of histamine; proposed for treatment of hay fever, asthma and skin allergies; minor descriptor (79-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENANTHROLINES (79-86); RN given refers to parent cpd
betulinbetulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.

betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA)
diol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
metabolite
dehydroleucodinedehydroleucodine: has antimicrobial activity; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer
altersolanol aaltersolanol A: isolated from fermentation product of fungus Alternaria porri(Ellis) Ciferri;RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first sourcepentahydroxyanthraquinone
uvaoluvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)triterpenoidmetabolite
Mexicanin Isesquiterpene lactone
loliolideloliolide: RN given refers to (6S-cis)-isomerbenzofuransmetabolite
erythrodioldiol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol
plant metabolite
parthenolidegermacranolide
tadalafilbenzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
clofarabineadenosines;
organofluorine compound
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
gefitinibaromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
tetrahydrocurcumintetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
polyphenol
metabolite
3-deazaguanosine3-deazaguanosine: structure
n(delta)-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-ornithine
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.EHNAEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2S,3R)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2S,3R.EHNA
cilomilastmethoxybenzenes
rp 73401piclamilast : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.

piclamilast: an antiasthmatic agent and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
8-(4-benzenesulfonylamino)quinoline8-(4-benzenesulfonylamino)quinoline: has diabetogenic properties; structure given in first source
withanolide dwithanolide D : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 22 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.

withanolide D: structure
20-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol;
withanolide
antineoplastic agent
arnicolide darnicolide D: cytotoxic; from Centipeda minima L.; structure in first sourcesesquiterpene lactone
santamarinesantamarin : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group.

santamarine: sesquiterpene derivative of costunolide
sesquiterpene lactone
withaferin awithaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.

withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure
27-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
withanolide
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
rocaglamiderocaglamide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8b, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 8, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3a, a phenyl group at position 3 and a N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group at position 1. Isolated from Aglaia odorata and Aglaia duperreana, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.

rocaglamide: RN refers to (1alpha,2alpha,3beta,3abeta,8bbeta)-isomer; isolated from stems of Aglaia elliptifolia; structure given in first source
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heterotricyclic compound
antileishmanial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
bortezomibamino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
8-deoxygartanin8-deoxygartanin: a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first sourcexanthones
aglafolineaglafolin : A heterotricyclic compound based on a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a and methoxy groups at C-6 and C-8. A platelet aggregation inhibitor found in Aglaia elliptifolia and Aglaia odorata.

aglafoline: a platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source; isolated from Aglaia elliptifolia
methyl ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound
metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
rocaglaolrocaglaol: a cytotoxic cyclopenta(b)benzofuran from the bark of Aglaia crassinervia; structure in first source
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketoneN-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.

Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.
alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide
alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
11alpha,13-dihydrohelenalinsesquiterpene lactone
resveratroltrans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
roflumilastaromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound
anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
isoliquiritigeninchalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
xanthohumolxanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.

xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus
aromatic ether;
chalcones;
polyphenol
anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor;
metabolite
5H-quinolino[8,7-c][1,2]benzothiazine 6,6-dioxidebenzothiazine
parthenolide, (1ar-(1ar*,4e,7as*,10as*,10br*))-isomergermacranolide
4,5-dihydro-6-(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-3(2h)-pyridazinone4,5-dihydro-6-(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone: RN & structure given in first source
orlistatorlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.

Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.
beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
sideroxylinsideroxylin : A monomethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 7, hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' and methyl groups at positions 6 and 8. It has been isolated from Hydrastis canadensis and Eucalyptus species.

sideroxylin: from Hydrastis canadensis; structure in first source
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone
plant metabolite
scopoletinhydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
vomifoliol(6S,9R)-vomifoliol : A (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9.

blumenol A: a phytotoxin isolated from Oryza sativa Awaakamai; structure in first source

vomifoliol : A fenchane monoterpenoid that is 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy and a (1E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.
(6S)-vomifoliolmetabolite;
phytotoxin
lipoxin a4lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.

lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
lipoxin;
long-chain fatty acid
human metabolite;
metabolite
buteinchalcones;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
costunolidegermacranolide;
heterobicyclic compound
anthelminthic drug;
antiinfective agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antiviral drug;
metabolite
molephantininmolephantinin: germacranolide from Elephantopus mollis; RN given refers to (3aR-(3aR*,4S*(E),6E,9Z,11S*,11aS*))-isomer; structure in first sourcegermacranolide
gartaningartanin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5 and 8 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 4.polyphenol;
xanthones
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
mangostinalpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.

mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit
aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3,3',4-o-trimethylellagic acid3,7,8-tri-O-methylellagic acid: structure given in first sourcetannin
4-hydroxychalcone4-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.

4-hydroxychalcone: structure in first source
chalcones;
phenols
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite
ag 99tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist
bay 11-7082(E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.nitrile;
sulfone
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
furanoheliangolidefuranoheliangolide: structure in first source
1,3-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2h-imidazo(4,5-b)quinolin-2-one1,3-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2H-imidazo(4,5-b)quinolin-2-one: structure given in first source
beta-Mangostinxanthones
9-Hydroxycalabaxanthonexanthones
flavokawain Cflavokawain C: antineoplastic from roots of Kava (Piper methysticum Forst); structure in first sourcechalcones
rehmannic acidrehmannic acid: toxic principle, triterpene acid from Lantana camara; RN given refers to (22beta-(Z))-isomer; structure
3-o-methylbutein3-O-methylbutein: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first sourcechalcones
goniothalamingoniothalamin: has antineoplastic activity; structure given in first source
hylin
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-6-chloro-4-quinazolinaminequinazolines
spc-839SPC-839: an inhibitor of activator protein 1; structure in first source
fr 1480835Z-7-oxozeaenol : A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB.aromatic ether;
macrolide;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
LL-Z1640-1macrolide;
resorcinols
metabolite
sp 100030N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide: transcription factor inhibitor specific to T-cells
tirotundintirotundin: structure in first source
cumambrin bcumambrin B: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6alpha,6aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer; isolated from Chrysanthemum boreale; structure in first source
chamissonolidechamissonolide: structure given in first source
Cycloartobiloxanthonecycloartobiloxanthone: a flavonoid isolated from stem bark of Artocarpus gomezianus; has antineoplastic propertiespyranoxanthones
ol-135
galidesivir
6-hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid phenylamide6-hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid phenylamide: structure in first souce
crizotinibcrizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.
3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amineantineoplastic agent;
biomarker;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
silvestrolsilvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.

silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris
dioxanes;
ether;
methyl ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
(2R,3S)-EHNA hydrochloride(2R,3S)-EHNA hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of (2R,3S)-EHNA with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.hydrochlorideEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa.

alphitolic acid: from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala; structure in first source
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
plant metabolite
lantadene blantadene B: RN given refers to the (22beta)-isomer; from Lantana camara
pf 04217903quinolines
achalensolideachalensolide: structure in first source
centratherincentratherin: from Eremanthus eriopus (Asteraceae); structure in first source
2,3-dihydro-3beta-O-sulfate withaferin A2,3-dihydro-3beta-O-sulfate withaferin A : A withanolide that is 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.27-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
steroid sulfate;
withanolide
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
an2728crisaborole : A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 5-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborole in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyanophenyl group. A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that is used for treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adults.

crisaborole: NSAID, Dermatologic Agent; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
benzoxaborole;
nitrile
antipsoriatic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
chf6001tanimilast: a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor; structure in first source
pf-06463922lorlatinib : A cyclic ether that is 16,17-dihydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 10R, and by cyano, amino and fluoro groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 kinase developed by Pfizer for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

lorlatinib: inhibits both anaplastic lymphoma kinase and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) protein
aminopyridine;
aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
benzamides;
cyclic ether;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
pyrazoles
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
acycloviracyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.

Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.
2-aminopurines;
oxopurine
antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
guanosine monophosphateguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.

Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanine2-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosineribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
fundamental metabolite
inosineinosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sildenafilsildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
zaprinastzaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structuretriazolopyrimidines
vardenafilvardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
8-amino-9-(2-thienylmethyl)guanine
allopurinol ribosideallopurinol riboside : A nucleoside analogue that is allopurinol with a beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety at the 1-position.nucleoside analoguemetabolite
8-amino-9-benzylguanine8-amino-9-benzylguanine: structure given in first source
bl 4162aanagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.

anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source
imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
forodesineforodesine: structure in first sourcedihydroxypyrrolidine;
pyrrolopyrimidine
peldesinepeldesine: potent inhibitor of human CCRF-CEM T-cell proliferation; structure given in first source
ci 972CI 972: structure given in first source
8-aminoguanine
acyclovir monophosphate
immucillin gimmucillin G: structure in first sourcedihydroxypyrrolidine;
pyrrolopyrimidine
ulodesineulodesine: a purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
8-bromoguanosinepurine nucleoside
hydrazinocurcuminhydrazinocurcumin : A pyrazole obtained by cyclocodensation of the two carbonyl groups of curcumin with hydrazine.

hydrazinocurcumin: structure in first source
aromatic ether;
olefinic compound;
polyphenol;
pyrazoles
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
9-deaza-9-(3-thienylmethyl)guanine
8-aminoguanosine
bay 60-7550