negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin. [GOC:add]
Negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin is a complex process that involves the suppression of antibody production by B cells. Circulating immunoglobulins, primarily IgG, play a key role in this regulation through various mechanisms:
1. **Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC):** IgG antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of target cells, such as B cells, and recruit natural killer (NK) cells or other cytotoxic cells. These effector cells then release cytotoxic substances that kill the target B cells, leading to a decrease in antibody production.
2. **Complement Activation:** IgG antibodies can activate the complement system, a series of proteins in the blood that can lead to cell lysis and inflammation. Complement activation can directly kill B cells or enhance the killing of B cells by other immune cells.
3. **Fc Receptor-Mediated Signaling:** IgG antibodies can bind to Fc receptors on the surface of B cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately lead to suppression of B cell activation and antibody production. This can involve various mechanisms, including:
* **Induction of apoptosis:** Triggering programmed cell death in B cells.
* **Negative feedback loops:** Suppressing the expression of genes required for B cell activation and differentiation.
* **Cytokine production:** Inducing the production of cytokines that inhibit B cell function.
4. **Direct Inhibition of B Cell Activation:** IgG antibodies can directly bind to B cell receptors, preventing their activation by antigens and thus inhibiting antibody production.
5. **Immunological Tolerance:** Circulating IgG antibodies can help establish immunological tolerance by removing or suppressing B cells that are reactive to self-antigens. This prevents the development of autoimmune diseases.
The negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive or inappropriate antibody production. It plays a critical role in controlling inflammation, preventing autoimmune diseases, and regulating the immune response to infections.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 | A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P29350] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (20)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-iodo-2-(oxaloamino)benzoic acid | organoiodine compound | ||
| glycyrrhetinic acid | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite | |
| oleanolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite | |
| vanadates | vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects. | trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion | EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| ursolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite | |
| maslinic acid | (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| nsc-87877 | NSC-87877: potent Shp2 (nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase) inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| tanshinone | tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| celastrol | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite | |
| cryptotanshinone | cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| tanshinone ii a | tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source | abietane diterpenoid | |
| nsc-89199 | estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine. | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate | |
| 2-(oxaloamino)benzoic acid | (oxaloamino)benzoic acid | ||
| cefsulodin | cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. | cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide | antibacterial drug |
| nq301 | NQ301: structure in first source | ||
| nsc 117199 | |||
| 2-amino-6-chloropurine | 6-chloroguanine : An organochlorine compound that is 7H-purin-2-amine substituted by a chloro group at position 6. 6-chloroguanine: an antimalarial that inhibits hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source | 2-aminopurines; organochlorine compound | |
| corosolic acid | triterpenoid | metabolite | |
| Dihydrotanshinone I | dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| 3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-indole-5-carboxylic acid | 3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid: an SHP2 inhibitor; structure in first source |