Page last updated: 2024-10-24
lyase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. [ISBN:0198547684]
Lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the breaking of chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. They cleave C-C, C-O, C-N, and other bonds by a mechanism that involves the formation of a transient carbanion or other unstable intermediate. Lyases are often involved in metabolic pathways, such as the breakdown of carbohydrates, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and the detoxification of harmful compounds. They are also important in the regulation of cellular processes, such as DNA replication and repair. A key feature of lyase activity is the formation of a new double bond or ring structure in one of the products. This is in contrast to hydrolases, which break bonds by adding water, and oxidoreductases, which break bonds by transferring electrons. Lyases can be classified based on the type of bond they cleave, the type of group that is removed, and the mechanism of the reaction. Examples of lyases include aldolases, decarboxylases, synthases, and dehydratases. Aldolases cleave carbon-carbon bonds in carbohydrates, decarboxylases remove carboxyl groups from molecules, synthases form new carbon-carbon bonds, and dehydratases remove water from molecules.'
"
Proteins (18)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase | A 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q6BF16] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase | A 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62617] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase | A delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [OMA:P0ACB2, PRO:DNx] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class 2 | A fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class 2 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AB71] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| KHG/KDPG aldolase | A KHG/KDPG aldolase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A955] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Tryptophan synthase beta chain | A tryptophan synthase beta chain that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A879] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Tryptophan synthase alpha chain | A tryptophan synthase alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A877] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Tryptophanase | A tryptophanase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A853] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase | A 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A6L2] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| 3-dehydroquinate synthase | A 3-dehydroquinate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07639] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Cystathionine beta-lyase MetC | A cystathionine beta-lyase MetC that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P06721] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase | A formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05523] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Ribonuclease pancreatic | A protein that is a translation product of the RNASE1 gene in cow. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61823] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Seminal ribonuclease | A protein that is a translation product of the SRN gene in cow. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00669] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Prostaglandin E synthase 2 | A prostaglandin E synthase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H7Z7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| High mobility group protein B1 | A high mobility group protein B1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09429] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Ribonuclease pancreatic | A ribonuclease pancreatic that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07998] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| DNA polymerase beta | A DNA polymerase beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (57)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| alpha-ketobutyric acid | 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid. alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; short-chain fatty acid | |
| protocatechuic acid | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| catechol | catechols | allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite | |
| salicylic acid | Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| digallic acid | digallic acid: structure given in first source | benzoate ester; gallate ester | |
| glyoxylic acid | glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom. glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| succinic acid | succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| 3-nitropropionic acid | 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group. 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE | C-nitro compound | antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin |
| n-acetyltryptophan | N-acetyltryptophan : An N-acetylamino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of tryptophan. | N-acetyl-amino acid; tryptophan derivative | metabolite |
| diflunisal | diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN. | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| indolepropanol phosphate | 3-(indol-3-yl)propyl phosphate : An monoalkyl phosphate compound having an O-3-(indol-3-yl)propyl substituent. indolepropanol phosphate: binds specifically to the alpha subunit, but not to the beta subunit of tryptophan synthase | indoles; monoalkyl phosphate | |
| isoniazid | Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| phosphoglycolohydroxamate | phosphoglycolohydroxamate: inhibits DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate)-converting enzymes; structure phosphoglycolohydroxamic acid : The hydroxamate of phosphoglycolic acid. | amidoalkyl phosphate; hydroxamic acid | EC 5.3.1.1 (triose-phosphate isomerase) inhibitor |
| uridine diphosphate | Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cytidine monophosphate | cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cytidine diphosphate | Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate. | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pamoic acid | pamoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | dicarboxylic acid | |
| Dillapiole | 5-allyl 6,7-dimethoxy 1,3-benzodioxole: a plant based insecticide; structure in first source | benzodioxoles | metabolite |
| oleanolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite | |
| aceturic acid | aceturic acid: structure N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl. | N-acetyl-amino acid; N-acylglycine | human metabolite |
| levulinic acid | 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316 | oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| glycyrrhizic acid | glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 4-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide | |||
| 5-fluorocytidine | 5-fluorocytidine: isolated from DNA of Escherichia coli grown in presence of 5-fluorouracil; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | cytidines; organofluorine compound | |
| cyclic cmp | 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase. Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions. | 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide | human metabolite |
| camptothecin | NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| zidovudine | zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| cidofovir anhydrous | cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS. | phosphonic acids; pyrimidone | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent |
| ursolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite | |
| thymidine 5'-triphosphate | dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position. thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| betulinic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| calanolide a | (+)-calanolide A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. calanolide A: NSC 661122 and costatolide are isomers; a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (Clusiaceae); structure in first source | cyclic ether; delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate | ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase. | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate | |
| 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate | 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to dihydrogen phosphate | ||
| 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate | purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate | ||
| 3'-cmp | 3'-CMP : A cytidine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position. | cytidine 3'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3-fluoropyruvate | 3-fluoropyruvate : The anion of 3-fluoropyruvic acid. 3-fluoropyruvate: a substrate for E coli pyruvate dehydrogenase; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd 3-fluoropyruvic acid : A pyruvic acid derivative having a 3-fluoro substituent. | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound | |
| zidovudine triphosphate | |||
| illimaquinone | illimaquinone: structure given in first source; isolated from the Red Sea sponge Smenospongia; inhibits the RNase H. activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones; prenylquinone | metabolite |
| 2-ketopentanoic acid | 2-ketopentanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd 2-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid carrying an oxo group at position 2. | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; oxopentanoic acid | human metabolite |
| monomethyl succinate | monomethyl succinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester. monomethyl succinate: RN given refers to parent cpd | dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate | |
| adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid | purine nucleoside | ||
| 3'-uridylic acid | 3'-UMP : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. 3'-uridylic acid: structure in first source; main heading URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE refers to 5'-uridylic acid | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate; uridine phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| l 655240 | L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd | methylindole | |
| methotrexate | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent | |
| sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer | sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
| TTP | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | ||
| aphidicolin | aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells. | tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate | 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : The 5-phospho derivative of 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid. 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate: structure given in first source; an intermediate in glucose metabolism | ketoaldonic acid phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| l 663536 | 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor | aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist |
| stigmasterol | stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | plant metabolite |
| lyoniside | daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. | beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; steroid saponin | plant metabolite |
| corosolic acid | triterpenoid | metabolite | |
| edgeworin | edgeworin: from Dirca occidentalis Gray; structure given in first source | ||
| mf63 compound | MF63 compound: a phenanthrene imidazole identified as a potent, selective, and orally active mPGES-1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| raltegravir | 1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide | antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor | |
| GS-443902 | GS-441524 triphosphate: intracellular active metabolite of remdesivir GS-443902 : An organic triphosphate that is GS-441524 in which the 5'-hydroxy group has been replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir. | aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; nitrile; organic triphosphate; pyrrolotriazine | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; drug metabolite |