peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:24550447, PMID:24550462]
Peptidyl-proline dioxygenase (PPO) activity is a crucial enzymatic function involved in the post-translational modification of proteins. This activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of proline residues within proteins, specifically at the *trans* position relative to the peptide bond. This hydroxylation reaction requires molecular oxygen (O2), a reducing agent (typically ascorbate), and ferrous iron (Fe2+) as cofactors. The reaction mechanism proceeds through a series of steps, starting with the binding of both the proline-containing peptide substrate and molecular oxygen to the enzyme. The Fe2+ ion in the enzyme's active site then facilitates the activation of oxygen, leading to the formation of a reactive oxygen species. This activated oxygen attacks the proline residue, leading to the insertion of a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the *trans*-position of the proline ring. This hydroxylation reaction results in the formation of a 4-hydroxyproline residue within the protein. PPO activity plays a significant role in various biological processes, including collagen biosynthesis, cell signaling, and regulation of protein stability. In collagen biosynthesis, PPO enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of specific proline residues in procollagen chains, which is essential for the proper folding and assembly of collagen fibrils. These fibrils provide structural support to tissues throughout the body. In cell signaling, PPO enzymes have been implicated in the regulation of signaling pathways by modifying the activity of signaling proteins. Additionally, PPO activity can influence protein stability by affecting the folding and conformation of proteins. The hydroxylation of proline residues can enhance protein stability by influencing protein-protein interactions and by protecting proteins from proteolytic degradation. Overall, peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity is a fundamental enzymatic process that contributes to the modification and function of a wide range of proteins, playing a critical role in maintaining cellular function and tissue integrity.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Egl nine homolog 1 | An egl nine homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9GZT9] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Prolyl 3-hydroxylase OGFOD1 | A prolyl 3-hydroxylase OGFOD1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8N543] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (21)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| alpha-ketoglutaric acid | 2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle. | oxo dicarboxylic acid | fundamental metabolite |
| succinic acid | succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| isocitric acid | isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group. isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid | fundamental metabolite |
| succinylacetone | 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia. succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis | beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid | 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd isocinchomeronic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 5. | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | |
| glycyrrhetinic acid | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite | |
| 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid | lutidinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4. | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | |
| oleanolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite | |
| daminozide | daminozide: induces tumors | straight-chain fatty acid | |
| ursolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite | |
| betulinic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| maslinic acid | (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| fumaric acid | fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline | 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline: a JmjC histone demethylase inhibitor; structure in first source | quinolines | |
| oxalylglycine | N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes. oxalylglycine: structure given in first source | amino dicarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine | EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor |
| fg-4592 | roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH). roxadustat: structure in first source | aromatic ether; isoquinolines; N-acylglycine | EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor |
| jnj 42041935 | |||
| ascorbic acid | Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| 2-[[[4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-3-quinolinyl]-oxomethyl]amino]acetic acid | quinolines | ||
| bay 85-3934 | |||
| gsk1278863 | daprodustat : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid substituted by cyclohexyl groups at positions 1 and 3, and by a (carboxymethyl)aminocarbonyl group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase developed by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. GSK1278863: a HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor |