Page last updated: 2024-10-24

cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]

Cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) signaling pathways are intricate cascades involved in regulating diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and adhesion. These pathways are initiated by the activation of RPTPs, a family of transmembrane enzymes that possess both an extracellular domain for ligand binding and an intracellular domain with protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.

RPTPs are characterized by their ability to dephosphorylate tyrosine residues on target proteins, thereby modulating their activity and downstream signaling events. Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of an RPTP triggers a conformational change that activates the intracellular catalytic domain. This activation can occur through various mechanisms, including dimerization, oligomerization, or interaction with adaptor proteins.

Upon activation, RPTPs dephosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on intracellular signaling molecules, often termed substrates. These substrates can include tyrosine kinases, adaptor proteins, transcription factors, and other signaling enzymes. Dephosphorylation by RPTPs can either activate or inhibit the activity of these substrates, depending on the specific context.

The precise signaling pathways activated by RPTPs vary considerably, depending on the specific RPTP involved, the cell type, and the extracellular stimuli. However, several common themes emerge. For example, many RPTPs participate in regulating the Ras/MAPK pathway, a crucial signaling cascade involved in cell proliferation and survival. Other RPTPs play roles in the PI3K/Akt pathway, which regulates cell growth and metabolism.

RPTP signaling pathways are tightly regulated, and dysregulation of these pathways is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, RPTPs are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for a range of diseases.

In summary, cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathways are complex and essential for regulating a multitude of cellular processes. These pathways involve a coordinated interplay between receptor activation, substrate dephosphorylation, and downstream signaling events. Further research into the intricacies of RPTP signaling is crucial for understanding their role in health and disease and for developing targeted therapies.'
"

Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase FA receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P10586]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (15)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate : Conjugate base of 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid.

4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
phenols
5-iodo-2-(oxaloamino)benzoic acidorganoiodine compound
oleanolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
plant metabolite
vanadatesvanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.

Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.
trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
ursolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
maslinic acid(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoriadihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
cryptotanshinonecryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhizaabietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
2-(oxaloamino)benzoic acid(oxaloamino)benzoic acid
moronic acidmoronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.

moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI
pentacyclic triterpenoidanti-HIV agent;
anti-HSV-1 agent;
metabolite
morolic acidmorolic acid: from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source
cefsulodincefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.

Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.
cephalosporin;
organosulfonic acid;
primary carboxamide
antibacterial drug
illudalic acidilludalic acid: isolated from Clitocybe illudens; structure in first source
2-amino-6-chloropurine6-chloroguanine : An organochlorine compound that is 7H-purin-2-amine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.

6-chloroguanine: an antimalarial that inhibits hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source
2-aminopurines;
organochlorine compound
corosolic acidtriterpenoidmetabolite
3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-indole-5-carboxylic acid3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid: an SHP2 inhibitor; structure in first source