abacavir and Gastric-Outlet-Obstruction

Alternative modes of antiretroviral administration are sought for people with impaired intestinal passage and/or absorption. We present a case of late HIV diagnosis (CD4+ count 160 cells/µL) with gastric outlet obstruction due to stomach adenocarcinoma. Co-morbidities included oesophageal candidiasis, Helicobacter pylori-positive duodenal ulcers and cytomegalovirus duodenitis. The gastric outlet obstruction required total parenteral nutrition and parenteral medication during four weeks of diagnostic work-up leading to pyloric resection. Crushed dolutegravir, abacavir and lamivudine were administered during this time in the evening via nasogastric tube, which was kept clamped overnight. The tube was unclamped in the morning and stomach content was drained during the daytime. This mode of administration resulted in rapid and sustained viral load suppression (from 300,000 to 115 copies per mL in 28 days, 81 copies/mL after 42 days of treatment and less than 40 copies/mL thereafter). Therapeutic drug monitoring confirmed sufficient antiretroviral plasma levels during this mode of administration. The absorption of crushed dolutegravir, abacavir and lamivudine in the stomach may be considered in people with questionable gastrointestinal passage or impaired gastric emptying to achieve viral load suppression.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Dideoxynucleosides; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; HIV Infections; Humans; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Lamivudine; Male; Middle Aged; Oxazines; Parenteral Nutrition; Piperazines; Pyridones; Stomach Neoplasms; Sustained Virologic Response; Treatment Outcome