dipeptide transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]

Dipeptide transport is a crucial biological process that involves the movement of dipeptides, which are molecules composed of two amino acids linked by a peptide bond, across cell membranes. This process is essential for maintaining cellular function, growth, and development. Here's a detailed description:

1. **Mechanism of Transport:** Dipeptide transport primarily occurs through specialized membrane proteins called dipeptide transporters. These transporters facilitate the movement of dipeptides from the extracellular environment (outside the cell) to the intracellular environment (inside the cell).
2. **Types of Transporters:** There are two main types of dipeptide transporters:
* **Symporters:** These transporters move dipeptides across the membrane along with another molecule, usually a proton (H+). This coupled movement is driven by the electrochemical gradient of the proton, which is higher outside the cell.
* **Antiporters:** These transporters move dipeptides across the membrane in exchange for another molecule, often a different amino acid or dipeptide. This exchange mechanism is driven by the concentration gradient of the exchanged molecule.
3. **Specificity:** Dipeptide transporters exhibit a high degree of specificity for different dipeptides. This specificity is determined by the structure of the transporter protein and its binding site. Different transporters may have different preferences for specific dipeptides, based on the size, charge, and hydrophobicity of the dipeptide.
4. **Regulation:** The activity of dipeptide transporters can be regulated by various factors, including:
* **Dietary Intake:** The availability of dipeptides in the diet can influence the expression and activity of dipeptide transporters.
* **Hormonal Signals:** Hormones such as insulin and growth hormone can regulate dipeptide transport.
* **Cellular Needs:** The specific requirements of the cell for amino acids can affect dipeptide transport.
5. **Importance:** Dipeptide transport is essential for:
* **Amino Acid Supply:** It provides cells with a readily available source of amino acids for protein synthesis, cellular growth, and repair.
* **Nutrient Absorption:** It plays a crucial role in the absorption of dipeptides from the diet in the small intestine.
* **Cellular Metabolism:** It contributes to the maintenance of amino acid homeostasis and the regulation of cellular metabolism.

Dipeptide transport is a complex process that is essential for various biological functions. It is a tightly regulated mechanism that ensures the efficient delivery of dipeptides to cells, meeting their needs for amino acids and supporting essential cellular processes.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (54)