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Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis I

Proteins (5)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1AtNMT1; PEAMT 1; EC 2.1.1.103; Protein XIPOTL 1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Inorganic pyrophosphatase 2AtPPsPase2; PPi phosphatase 2; Pyrophosphate-specific phosphatase 2; EC 3.6.1.1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Probable choline kinase 1AtCK1; EC 2.7.1.32Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Serine decarboxylaseAtSDC; EC 4.1.1.-; Protein EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 1075; Serine decarboxylase 1; AtSDC1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrialBADH; EC 1.2.1.8; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 10 member A9Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)

Compounds (17)

CompoundDescription
phosphorylcholineCalcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.
hydronium ion
betaineA naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
cholineA basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
NADH
Adenosine TriphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
phosphorylethanolamineRN given refers to parent cpd; structure
betaine aldehyde
NADA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
serineA non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.
ethanolamineA viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor. It is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin. It is used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent, and to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases.
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
pyrophosphate