Page last updated: 2024-10-19

phosphorylcholine and Leishmaniasis

phosphorylcholine has been researched along with Leishmaniasis in 75 studies

Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.
phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.

Leishmaniasis: A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The use of miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis has been addressed in a few clinical trials."8.88Miltefosine and cutaneous leishmaniasis. ( Machado, PR; Penna, G, 2012)
" Since 1998 Indian researchers have conducted clinical trials evaluating hexadecylphosphocoline (miltefosine) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in 1999 clinical studies were initiated in Colombia in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis."8.83[Oral miltefosine to treat leishmaniasis]. ( Soto, J; Soto, P, 2006)
" Beginning in 1998, Indian researchers conducted several trials with hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, and in 1999, clinical studies were initiated in Colombia for cutaneous disease."8.83Miltefosine: oral treatment of leishmaniasis. ( Soto, J; Soto, P, 2006)
"Miltefosine is an important drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis; however, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood."7.88Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole membranes display phosphoinositides that create conditions for continuous Akt activation and a target for miltefosine in Leishmania infections. ( Huyghues Despointes, CE; Kima, PE; Prasad, S; Young, J; Zhang, N, 2018)
"Oral miltefosine was administered to 39 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with leishmaniasis for whom standard leishmaniasis treatment had failed."7.72Oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection. ( Bommer, W; Engel, KR; Fischer, C; Sindermann, H, 2004)
"Miltefosine has not been readily available in the United States due to marketing delays and is expected to become available later this year."6.52Pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis in the United States: focus on miltefosine. ( Fujinami, N; Shah, PJ; Vakil, NH, 2015)
"Miltefosine is an alkylphosphocholine drug with demonstrated activity against various parasite species and cancer cells as well as some pathogenic bacteria and fungi."6.48Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis. ( Balasegaram, M; Beijnen, JH; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP, 2012)
"Miltefosine was originally formulated and registered as a topical treatment for cutaneous cancers."6.43Development of miltefosine as an oral treatment for leishmaniasis. ( Engel, J; Sindermann, H, 2006)
"Visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic infection that affects human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in leishmaniasis-endemic areas."5.36Visceral Leishmaniasis treated with antimonials/paromomycin followed by itraconazole/miltefosine after standard therapy failures in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. ( Barragán, P; López-Velez, R; Olmo, M; Podzamczer, D, 2010)
"Miltefosine is a novel antileishmanial drug that has significant selectivity in both in vitro and in vivo models."5.32Miltefosine (Impavido): the first oral treatment against leishmaniasis. ( Bommer, W; Croft, SL; Eibl, HJ; Engel, J; Engel, KR; Sindermann, H; Unger, C, 2004)
"The use of miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis has been addressed in a few clinical trials."4.88Miltefosine and cutaneous leishmaniasis. ( Machado, PR; Penna, G, 2012)
" Since 1998 Indian researchers have conducted clinical trials evaluating hexadecylphosphocoline (miltefosine) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in 1999 clinical studies were initiated in Colombia in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis."4.83[Oral miltefosine to treat leishmaniasis]. ( Soto, J; Soto, P, 2006)
"Although three new drugs or drug formulations, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), miltefosine and paromomycin should be available for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) within the next year, they all suffer from limitations of either cost, specific toxicities or parenteral administration."4.83Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis. ( Croft, SL; Seifert, K; Yardley, V, 2006)
"Future issues that need to be addressed for miltefosine are efficacy against non-Indian visceral leishmaniasis, efficacy in HIV-coinfected patients, efficacy against the many forms of cutaneous and mucosal disease, effectiveness under clinical practice conditions, generation of drug resistance and the need to provide a second antileishmanial agent to protect against this disastrous event, and the ability to maintain reproductive contraceptive practices under routine clinical conditions."4.83Miltefosine: issues to be addressed in the future. ( Berman, J; Bryceson, AD; Croft, S; Engel, J; Gutteridge, W; Karbwang, J; Sindermann, H; Soto, J; Sundar, S; Urbina, JA, 2006)
" Beginning in 1998, Indian researchers conducted several trials with hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, and in 1999, clinical studies were initiated in Colombia for cutaneous disease."4.83Miltefosine: oral treatment of leishmaniasis. ( Soto, J; Soto, P, 2006)
"In this review we have summarized published data on two new compounds, which can represent important antiparasitic drugs in the near future, nitazoxanide for treatment of intestinal parasitic infections including cryptosporidiosis and miltefosine for oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis."4.82[New drugs for treatment of parasitic infections]. ( Lobovská, A; Nohýnková, E, 2003)
"The obtained results indicated that dineolignans 1 and 2 could be considered as a scaffold for the design of novel and selective drug candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis."3.91Antileishmanial activity and ultrastructural changes of related tetrahydrofuran dineolignans isolated from Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae). ( Barbosa, H; Bezerra-Souza, A; Brito, JR; Ferreira, EA; Lago, JHG; Laurenti, MD; Passero, LFD; Romoff, P, 2019)
"Increasing drug resistance towards first line antimony-derived compounds has forced the introduction of novel therapies in leishmaniasis endemic areas including amphotericin B and miltefosine."3.88High-throughput Cos-Seq screen with intracellular Leishmania infantum for the discovery of novel drug-resistance mechanisms. ( Bresson, E; Fernandez-Prada, C; Leprohon, P; Ouellette, M; Plourde, M; Roy, G; Sharma, M, 2018)
"Miltefosine is an important drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis; however, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood."3.88Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole membranes display phosphoinositides that create conditions for continuous Akt activation and a target for miltefosine in Leishmania infections. ( Huyghues Despointes, CE; Kima, PE; Prasad, S; Young, J; Zhang, N, 2018)
" In this study, we explored the role of human macrophage transporters in the intracellular accumulation and antileishmanial activity of miltefosine (MLF), the only oral drug available for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)."3.83Functional Validation of ABCA3 as a Miltefosine Transporter in Human Macrophages: IMPACT ON INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL OF LEISHMANIA (VIANNIA) PANAMENSIS. ( Dohmen, LC; Dorlo, TP; Gomez, MA; Gregory, DJ; Kip, A; Navas, A; Vargas, DA, 2016)
"Leishmaniasis, a fatal parasitic disease, is the second largest parasitic killer in the world and miltefosine is the first and only oral drug available for its treatment."3.83LC-coupled ESI MS for quantification of miltefosine in human and hamster plasma. ( Jaiswal, S; Lal, J; Sharma, A; Shukla, M, 2016)
"Miltefosine is the first oral drug used in chemotherapy against leishmaniasis."3.83Deep-sequencing revealing mutation dynamics in the miltefosine transporter gene in Leishmania infantum selected for miltefosine resistance. ( Laffitte, MC; Légaré, D; Leprohon, P; Ouellette, M, 2016)
"To achieve an integrated assessment of current and innovative therapeutic strategies, we determined host and parasite responses to miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate alone and in combination with pentoxifylline or CpG 2006 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients."3.81Ex vivo host and parasite response to antileishmanial drugs and immunomodulators. ( Fernández, OL; Gonzalez-Fajardo, L; McMahon-Pratt, D; Saravia, NG, 2015)
"Although oral miltefosine represented an important therapeutic advance in the treatment of leishmaniasis, the appearance of resistance remains a serious threat."3.77Sitamaquine overcomes ABC-mediated resistance to miltefosine and antimony in Leishmania. ( Bavchvarov, BI; Campillo, M; Castanys, S; Gamarro, F; López-Martín, C; Martínez-García, M; Pérez-Victoria, JM; Torrecillas, IR, 2011)
"This study aimed to investigate the activity of a combination of topical paromomycin gel and oral miltefosine for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis."3.76Reductions in skin and systemic parasite burdens as a combined effect of topical paromomycin and oral miltefosine treatment of mice experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. ( Aguiar, MG; Fernandes, AP; Ferreira, LA; Pereira, AM, 2010)
" Once treatment for leishmaniasis was started with miltefosine, CD4+ cell count rose above 400/microL."3.74Leishmania infection can hamper immune recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. ( Bestetti, A; Bossolasco, S; Cernuschi, M; Cinque, P; De Bona, A; Gaiera, G; Gianotti, N; Lazzarin, A; Maillard, M, 2008)
"The alkylphosphocholine class of drugs, including edelfosine and miltefosine, has recently shown promise in the treatment of protozoal and fungal diseases, most notably, leishmaniasis."3.72Lem3p is essential for the uptake and potency of alkylphosphocholine drugs, edelfosine and miltefosine. ( Birchmore, JL; Hanson, PK; Malone, L; Nichols, JW, 2003)
"Oral miltefosine was administered to 39 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with leishmaniasis for whom standard leishmaniasis treatment had failed."3.72Oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection. ( Bommer, W; Engel, KR; Fischer, C; Sindermann, H, 2004)
"Miltefosine has not been readily available in the United States due to marketing delays and is expected to become available later this year."2.52Pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis in the United States: focus on miltefosine. ( Fujinami, N; Shah, PJ; Vakil, NH, 2015)
"Miltefosine is an alkylphosphocholine drug with demonstrated activity against various parasite species and cancer cells as well as some pathogenic bacteria and fungi."2.48Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis. ( Balasegaram, M; Beijnen, JH; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP, 2012)
"Amiodarone is also capable to inhibit the oxidosqualene cyclase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of ergosterol."2.47Targeting calcium homeostasis as the therapy of Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis - a review. ( Benaim, B; Garcia, CR, 2011)
"Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by hemoflagellate, Leishmania spp."2.44Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis: past, present and future. ( Mishra, J; Saxena, A; Singh, S, 2007)
"Oral fluconazole has been shown to be more effective than placebo in one instance: for Leishmania major cutaneous disease from Saudi Arabia."2.43Clinical status of agents being developed for leishmaniasis. ( Berman, J, 2005)
"Miltefosine was originally formulated and registered as a topical treatment for cutaneous cancers."2.43Development of miltefosine as an oral treatment for leishmaniasis. ( Engel, J; Sindermann, H, 2006)
"Fluconazole treatment for 6 weeks speeds up the already-rapid cure rate of cutaneous disease due to Leishmania major."2.42Current treatment approaches to leishmaniasis. ( Berman, J, 2003)
"Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by a hemoflagellate, Leishmania spp."2.42Challenges and new discoveries in the treatment of leishmaniasis. ( Singh, S; Sivakumar, R, 2004)
"Laryngeal leishmaniasis is an unusual form of the disease."1.62Case Report: Progressive Dysphonia and Dysphagia due to Laryngeal Leishmaniasis. ( Bakhos, D; Desoubeaux, G; Lemaignen, A; Renard, L, 2021)
"Leishmaniasis is a group of tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania."1.46Biochemical and inhibition studies of glutamine synthetase from Leishmania donovani. ( Babu, NK; Kumar, R; Kumar, V; Singh, S; Soumya, N; Yadav, S, 2017)
"His dysphonia was initially managed as bronchiectasis with little improvement."1.43Laryngeal leishmaniasis in a patient taking inhaled corticosteroids. ( Mukherjee, J; Phillips, D; Roberts, RM, 2016)
"Miltefosine was used as a control in selection experiments and both stepwise selection and chemical mutagenesis allowed successful isolation of miltefosine resistant mutants."1.42Leishmania is not prone to develop resistance to tamoxifen. ( Coelho, AC; Senra, L; Trinconi, CT; Uliana, SR; Yokoyama-Yasunaka, JK, 2015)
"Ocular leishmaniasis is a potentially blinding disease and delay in diagnosis and treatment can cause irreversible damage to the eye and adnexae."1.42Caruncular Leishmaniasis--An Unusual Case. ( Badri Prasad, B; Poonam, L; Shakya, A; Smriti, K, 2015)
"Oral treatment with miltefosine is generally well tolerated and has relatively few adverse effects."1.40Repurposing miltefosine for the treatment of immune-mediated disease? ( Hommes, DW; Peppelenbosch, MP; van den Brink, GR; Verhaar, AP; Wildenberg, ME, 2014)
"Visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic infection that affects human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in leishmaniasis-endemic areas."1.36Visceral Leishmaniasis treated with antimonials/paromomycin followed by itraconazole/miltefosine after standard therapy failures in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. ( Barragán, P; López-Velez, R; Olmo, M; Podzamczer, D, 2010)
"2%) presented product-related adverse events concerning the gastrointestinal tract."1.35Comparative study on the short term efficacy and adverse effects of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate in dogs with natural leishmaniosis. ( Bianciardi, P; Mateo, M; Maynard, L; Miró, G; Vischer, C, 2009)
"Leishmaniasis is a protozoan vector borne disease prevalent throughout the world and present in at least 88 countries."1.35Development of new antileishmanial drugs--current knowledge and future prospects. ( Le Pape, P, 2008)
"Miltefosine is a novel antileishmanial drug that has significant selectivity in both in vitro and in vivo models."1.32Miltefosine (Impavido): the first oral treatment against leishmaniasis. ( Bommer, W; Croft, SL; Eibl, HJ; Engel, J; Engel, KR; Sindermann, H; Unger, C, 2004)

Research

Studies (75)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's24 (32.00)29.6817
2010's44 (58.67)24.3611
2020's7 (9.33)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Ferreira, BA1
Coser, EM1
Saborito, C1
Yamashiro-Kanashiro, EH1
Lindoso, JAL1
Coelho, AC2
Mano, C1
Kongkaew, A1
Tippawangkosol, P1
Junkum, A1
Siriyasatien, P1
Jariyapan, N1
Braga, SS1
Borsari, C1
Jiménez-Antón, MD1
Eick, J1
Bifeld, E1
Torrado, JJ1
Olías-Molero, AI2
Corral, MJ1
Santarem, N1
Baptista, C1
Severi, L1
Gul, S1
Wolf, M1
Kuzikov, M1
Ellinger, B1
Reinshagen, J1
Witt, G1
Linciano, P1
Tait, A1
Costantino, L1
Luciani, R1
Tejera Nevado, P1
Zander-Dinse, D1
Franco, CH1
Ferrari, S1
Moraes, CB1
Cordeiro-da-Silva, A1
Ponterini, G1
Clos, J1
Alunda, JM2
Costi, MP1
Brito, JR1
Passero, LFD1
Bezerra-Souza, A1
Laurenti, MD1
Romoff, P1
Barbosa, H1
Ferreira, EA1
Lago, JHG1
Cabral, LIL1
Pomel, S1
Cojean, S1
Amado, PSM1
Loiseau, PM1
Cristiano, MLS1
Fontán-Matilla, E1
Cuquerella, M1
Tiwari, R1
Banerjee, S1
Tyde, D1
Saha, KD1
Ethirajan, A1
Mukherjee, N1
Chattopadhy, S1
Pramanik, SK1
Das, A1
Monteiro, M1
Prata, S1
Cardoso, L1
Pereira da Fonseca, I1
Leal, RO1
Renard, L1
Lemaignen, A1
Desoubeaux, G1
Bakhos, D1
Kumar, V1
Yadav, S1
Soumya, N1
Kumar, R1
Babu, NK1
Singh, S3
Ortega, V1
Giorgio, S1
de Paula, E1
Ponte-Sucre, A2
Gamarro, F2
Dujardin, JC4
Barrett, MP1
López-Vélez, R2
García-Hernández, R1
Pountain, AW1
Mwenechanya, R1
Papadopoulou, B1
Vijayakumar, S1
Das, P1
Fernandez-Prada, C2
Sharma, M1
Plourde, M1
Bresson, E1
Roy, G2
Leprohon, P3
Ouellette, M3
Zhang, N1
Prasad, S1
Huyghues Despointes, CE1
Young, J1
Kima, PE1
Sousa-Batista, AJ1
Escrivani-Oliveira, D1
Falcão, CAB1
Philipon, CIMDS1
Rossi-Bergmann, B1
Calixto, SL1
Glanzmann, N1
Xavier Silveira, MM1
da Trindade Granato, J1
Gorza Scopel, KK1
Torres de Aguiar, T1
DaMatta, RA1
Macedo, GC1
da Silva, AD1
Coimbra, ES1
Van den Kerkhof, M1
Van Bockstal, L1
Gielis, JF1
Delputte, P1
Cos, P3
Maes, L3
Caljon, G1
Hendrickx, S1
Castelo-Branco, PV1
Alves, HJ1
Pontes, RL1
Maciel-Silva, VL1
Ferreira Pereira, SR1
Palić, S1
Bhairosing, P1
Beijnen, JH2
Dorlo, TPC1
Basmaciyan, L1
Azas, N1
Casanova, M1
Berg, M1
Mannaert, A1
Vanaerschot, M2
Van Der Auwera, G1
de la Torre, BG1
Hornillos, V1
Luque-Ortega, JR1
Abengózar, MA1
Amat-Guerri, F1
Acuña, AU1
Rivas, L2
Andreu, D1
Dumetz, F1
Roy, S1
Arevalo, J1
Verhaar, AP1
Wildenberg, ME1
Peppelenbosch, MP1
Hommes, DW1
van den Brink, GR1
Fernández, OL2
Diaz-Toro, Y2
Ovalle, C2
Valderrama, L2
Muvdi, S1
Rodríguez, I1
Gomez, MA2
Saravia, NG3
Tiwari, A2
Kumar, S2
Shivahare, R1
Kant, P1
Gupta, S2
Suryawanshi, SN2
Vakil, NH1
Fujinami, N1
Shah, PJ1
Manna, L1
Corso, R1
Galiero, G1
Cerrone, A1
Muzj, P1
Gravino, AE1
Gonzalez-Fajardo, L1
McMahon-Pratt, D1
Badri Prasad, B1
Shakya, A1
Poonam, L1
Smriti, K1
Trinconi, CT1
Senra, L1
Yokoyama-Yasunaka, JK1
Uliana, SR1
Dohmen, LC1
Navas, A1
Vargas, DA1
Gregory, DJ1
Kip, A1
Dorlo, TP2
Jaiswal, S1
Sharma, A1
Shukla, M1
Lal, J1
Roberts, RM1
Mukherjee, J1
Phillips, D1
Laffitte, MC1
Légaré, D1
Vincent, IM1
Brotherton, MC1
Roberts, M1
Smith, TK1
Ratna, A1
Arora, SK1
Le Pape, P1
Gianotti, N1
Maillard, M1
Gaiera, G1
Bestetti, A1
Cernuschi, M1
De Bona, A1
Lazzarin, A1
Cinque, P1
Bossolasco, S1
Mateo, M1
Maynard, L1
Vischer, C2
Bianciardi, P2
Miró, G1
Vermeersch, M2
da Luz, RI2
Toté, K1
Timmermans, JP1
Brovida, C1
Valente, M1
Aresu, L1
Cavicchioli, L1
Giroud, L1
Castagnaro, M1
Liarte, DB1
Murta, SM1
Barragán, P1
Olmo, M1
Podzamczer, D1
Aguiar, MG1
Pereira, AM1
Fernandes, AP1
Ferreira, LA1
Pérez-Victoria, JM1
Bavchvarov, BI1
Torrecillas, IR1
Martínez-García, M1
López-Martín, C1
Campillo, M1
Castanys, S1
Machado, PR1
Penna, G1
Murray, HW1
Benaim, B1
Garcia, CR1
Fernández, O1
Valderrama, M1
Castillo, H1
Perez, M1
Singh, N1
Kumar, M1
Singh, RK1
Balasegaram, M1
de Vries, PJ1
Mittal, M1
Vishwakarma, P1
Lobovská, A1
Nohýnková, E1
Hanson, PK1
Malone, L1
Birchmore, JL1
Nichols, JW1
Berman, J3
Sindermann, H5
Croft, SL2
Engel, KR3
Bommer, W3
Eibl, HJ2
Unger, C1
Engel, J3
Desjeux, P1
Fischer, C1
Sivakumar, R1
Kuhlencord, A1
Sundar, S2
Zappel, H1
Berman, JD1
Soto, J3
Soto, P2
Gutteridge, WE1
Bryceson, AD1
Croft, S1
Gutteridge, W1
Karbwang, J1
Urbina, JA1
Seifert, K1
Yardley, V1
Mishra, J1
Saxena, A1

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Phase 3 Open-label Study of Efficacy and Safety of Miltefosine or Thermotherapy vs Glucantime for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia.[NCT00471705]Phase 3437 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Miltefosine in Children and Adults: Implications for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia.[NCT01462500]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
Evaluation of the Safety and Clinical Activity of Curaleish Lotion and Cream in the Topical Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia[NCT04072874]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-31Withdrawn (stopped due to Tthe study is in the approval phase by local regulatory authorities)
Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Therapeutic Response of Two ARNICA TINCTURE Treatment Regimes in the Topical Treatment of Uncomplicated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia[NCT05094908]Phase 116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-03Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Complete Clinical Response

"Complete Clinical response: Initial cure plus the absence of recurrences or mucosal lesions for 6 months after the end of treatment.~Note: nitial cure: Complete re-epithelialization of all ulcers and complete disappearance of the induration up to 3 months after the end of treatment." (NCT00471705)
Timeframe: Until 6 months posttreatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Miltefosine85
Glucantime®103
Thermotherapy86

Failure

At least 50% increase in lesion size at the end of treatment, absence of clinical response at 6 weeks, or any sign of lesion activity 3 months after the end of treatment (NCT00471705)
Timeframe: Until 3 months posttreatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Miltefosine34
Glucantime®14
Thermotherapy42

Recurrence

Reactivation of the lesion at the original site after cure or mucosal compromise during follow-up. (NCT00471705)
Timeframe: Until 6 months post-treatment

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Miltefosine3
Glucantime®4
Thermotherapy6

Reviews

25 reviews available for phosphorylcholine and Leishmaniasis

ArticleYear
Multi-target drugs active against leishmaniasis: A paradigm of drug repurposing.
    European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2019, Dec-01, Volume: 183

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Drug Repositioning; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Fluconazole; Humans;

2019
Liposomal formulations in the pharmacological treatment of leishmaniasis: a review.
    Journal of liposome research, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberat

2017
Drug resistance and treatment failure in leishmaniasis: A 21st century challenge.
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017, Volume: 11, Issue:12

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leishmania

2017
Recent progress in drug targets and inhibitors towards combating leishmaniasis.
    Acta tropica, 2018, Volume: 181

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcho

2018
Systematic Review of Host-Mediated Activity of Miltefosine in Leishmaniasis through Immunomodulation.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2019, Volume: 63, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cytokines; Humans; Immunomodulation; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Phosp

2019
(Post-) Genomic approaches to tackle drug resistance in Leishmania.
    Parasitology, 2013, Volume: 140, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Genome, Protozoan; Genomics; Humans; Leishmania; Lei

2013
Treatment failure in leishmaniasis: drug-resistance or another (epi-) phenotype?
    Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2014, Volume: 12, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Humans; Insect Vectors; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; P

2014
Pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis in the United States: focus on miltefosine.
    Pharmacotherapy, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:5

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasi

2015
Miltefosine and cutaneous leishmaniasis.
    Current opinion in infectious diseases, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Antiprotozoal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phospho

2012
Leishmaniasis in the United States: treatment in 2012.
    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2012, Volume: 86, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Amphotericin B; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Injectio

2012
Targeting calcium homeostasis as the therapy of Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis - a review.
    Tropical biomedicine, 2011, Volume: 28, Issue:3

    Topics: Amiodarone; Antiprotozoal Agents; Calcium; Chagas Disease; Homeostasis; Humans; Leishmania; Leishman

2011
Leishmaniasis: current status of available drugs and new potential drug targets.
    Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 2012, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Aminoquinolines; Amphotericin B; Antigens, Protozoan; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agent

2012
Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2012, Volume: 67, Issue:11

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine

2012
[New drugs for treatment of parasitic infections].
    Casopis lekaru ceskych, 2003, Volume: 142, Issue:3

    Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Leishmaniasis; Nitro Compounds; Phosph

2003
Current treatment approaches to leishmaniasis.
    Current opinion in infectious diseases, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:5

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fluconazo

2003
Challenges and new discoveries in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:6

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leishmania; Leishm

2004
Clinical status of agents being developed for leishmaniasis.
    Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2005, Volume: 14, Issue:11

    Topics: Aminoquinolines; Antiprotozoal Agents; Fluconazole; Humans; Imiquimod; Ketoconazole; Leishmaniasis;

2005
Development of miltefosine for the leishmaniases.
    Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2006, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Design; HIV Infections; Humans; L

2006
Miltefosine: oral treatment of leishmaniasis.
    Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2006, Volume: 4, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine

2006
TDR collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry.
    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006, Volume: 100 Suppl 1

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Evaluation; Drug Industry; Female; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; L

2006
Development of miltefosine as an oral treatment for leishmaniasis.
    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006, Volume: 100 Suppl 1

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiprotozoal Age

2006
Miltefosine: issues to be addressed in the future.
    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006, Volume: 100 Suppl 1

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Female; Forecasting; HIV Infecti

2006
Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2006, Volume: 123, Issue:3

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Design; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Leish

2006
Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2006, Volume: 123, Issue:3

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Design; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Leish

2006
Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2006, Volume: 123, Issue:3

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Design; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Leish

2006
Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2006, Volume: 123, Issue:3

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Design; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Leish

2006
[Oral miltefosine to treat leishmaniasis].
    Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2006, Volume: 26 Suppl 1

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine

2006
Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis: past, present and future.
    Current medicinal chemistry, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine

2007

Trials

1 trial available for phosphorylcholine and Leishmaniasis

ArticleYear
Long-term follow-up of dogs with leishmaniosis treated with meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol versus miltefosine plus allopurinol.
    Parasites & vectors, 2015, May-28, Volume: 8

    Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; F

2015

Other Studies

49 other studies available for phosphorylcholine and Leishmaniasis

ArticleYear
In vitro miltefosine and amphotericin B susceptibility of strains and clinical isolates of Leishmania species endemic in Brazil that cause tegumentary leishmaniasis.
    Experimental parasitology, 2023, Volume: 246

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Antiprotozoal Agents; Brazil; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cuta

2023
In vitro susceptibility to miltefosine of amphotericin B-resistant Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis.
    Parasitology research, 2023, Volume: 122, Issue:12

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Antiprotozoal Agents; Chronic Disease; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Leishmania

2023
Discovery of a benzothiophene-flavonol halting miltefosine and antimonial drug resistance in Leishmania parasites through the application of medicinal chemistry, screening and genomics.
    European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2019, Dec-01, Volume: 183

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cricetinae; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Resistance; Flavonols;

2019
Antileishmanial activity and ultrastructural changes of related tetrahydrofuran dineolignans isolated from Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae).
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2019, Volume: 71, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Furans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Lignans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C

2019
Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxanes against
    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, Jan-22, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Leishmania donovani; Leishmaniasis; Mice; Phosphorylcholine; Tetraoxa

2020
Scientometric analysis of chemotherapy of canine leishmaniasis (2000-2020).
    Parasites & vectors, 2021, Jan-09, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Allopurinol; Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; D

2021
Redox-Responsive Nanocapsules for the Spatiotemporal Release of Miltefosine in Lysosome: Protection against
    Bioconjugate chemistry, 2021, 02-17, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Leishmania donovani; Leishmaniasis; Lysosomes; Mice; Nanocaps

2021
Diagnosis and clinical management of canine leishmaniosis by general veterinary practitioners: a questionnaire-based survey in Portugal.
    Parasites & vectors, 2021, Jun-07, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Humans; Knowledge; Le

2021
Case Report: Progressive Dysphonia and Dysphagia due to Laryngeal Leishmaniasis.
    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2021, 06-14, Volume: 105, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Amphotericin B; Antiprotozoal Agents; Deglutition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysphoni

2021
Biochemical and inhibition studies of glutamine synthetase from Leishmania donovani.
    Microbial pathogenesis, 2017, Volume: 107

    Topics: Antibodies, Protozoan; Base Sequence; DNA, Protozoan; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escheric

2017
High-throughput Cos-Seq screen with intracellular Leishmania infantum for the discovery of novel drug-resistance mechanisms.
    International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2018, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cosmids; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Drug Resistanc

2018
Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole membranes display phosphoinositides that create conditions for continuous Akt activation and a target for miltefosine in Leishmania infections.
    Cellular microbiology, 2018, Volume: 20, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Intracellular

2018
Broad Spectrum and Safety of Oral Treatment with a Promising Nitrosylated Chalcone in Murine Leishmaniasis.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2018, Volume: 62, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Chalcones; Female; Leishmania; Leishmania infan

2018
Novel organic salts based on quinoline derivatives: The in vitro activity trigger apoptosis inhibiting autophagy in Leishmania spp.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2018, Sep-25, Volume: 293

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Female; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Macrophages;

2018
Impact of primary mouse macrophage cell types on Leishmania infection and in vitro drug susceptibility.
    Parasitology research, 2018, Volume: 117, Issue:11

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cells, Cultured; Drug Resistance; Female; I

2018
Ascorbic acid reduces the genetic damage caused by miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) in animals infected by Leishmania (Leishamnia) infantum without decreasing its antileishmanial activity.
    International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2019, Volume: 9

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Ascorbic Acid; DNA Damage; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Leishmania in

2019
A potential acetyltransferase involved in Leishmania major metacaspase-dependent cell death.
    Parasites & vectors, 2019, May-27, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetyltransferases; Apoptosis; Caspases; Curcumin; Leishmania major; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholin

2019
A BODIPY-embedding miltefosine analog linked to cell-penetrating Tat(48-60) peptide favors intracellular delivery and visualization of the antiparasitic drug.
    Amino acids, 2014, Volume: 46, Issue:4

    Topics: Anthelmintics; Boron Compounds; Cell Line; Cell-Penetrating Peptides; Drug Design; Humans; Leishmani

2014
Repurposing miltefosine for the treatment of immune-mediated disease?
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2014, Volume: 350, Issue:2

    Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Drug Discovery; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Immunity,

2014
Miltefosine and antimonial drug susceptibility of Leishmania Viannia species and populations in regions of high transmission in Colombia.
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimony; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colombia; Drug Resistanc

2014
Miltefosine (Impavido) for leishmaniasis.
    The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 2014, Sep-15, Volume: 56, Issue:1451

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Approval; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine; United States; United

2014
Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis part XIII: design and synthesis of novel heteroretinoid-bisbenzylidine ketone hybrids as antileishmanial agents.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2015, Jan-15, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorocebu

2015
Ex vivo host and parasite response to antileishmanial drugs and immunomodulators.
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Interferon-alpha; In

2015
Caruncular Leishmaniasis--An Unusual Case.
    Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:4

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Diseases; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Male; Middle Age

2015
Leishmania is not prone to develop resistance to tamoxifen.
    International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2015, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance;

2015
Functional Validation of ABCA3 as a Miltefosine Transporter in Human Macrophages: IMPACT ON INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL OF LEISHMANIA (VIANNIA) PANAMENSIS.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016, Apr-29, Volume: 291, Issue:18

    Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Knockdown Te

2016
LC-coupled ESI MS for quantification of miltefosine in human and hamster plasma.
    Bioanalysis, 2016, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cr

2016
Laryngeal leishmaniasis in a patient taking inhaled corticosteroids.
    BMJ case reports, 2016, Jun-21, Volume: 2016

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Antiemetics; Antiprotozoal Agents; Asthma

2016
Deep-sequencing revealing mutation dynamics in the miltefosine transporter gene in Leishmania infantum selected for miltefosine resistance.
    Parasitology research, 2016, Volume: 115, Issue:10

    Topics: Alleles; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Leishmania in

2016
Different Mutations in a P-type ATPase Transporter in Leishmania Parasites are Associated with Cross-resistance to Two Leading Drugs by Distinct Mechanisms.
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016, Volume: 10, Issue:12

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis; M

2016
Leishmania recombinant antigen modulates macrophage effector function facilitating early clearance of intracellular parasites.
    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2016, Volume: 110, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Antigens, Protozoan; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Macroph

2016
Development of new antileishmanial drugs--current knowledge and future prospects.
    Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 2008, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Phospho

2008
Leishmania infection can hamper immune recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.
    The new microbiologica, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; HIV Infec

2008
Comparative study on the short term efficacy and adverse effects of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate in dogs with natural leishmaniosis.
    Parasitology research, 2009, Volume: 105, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Bone Marrow; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Inject

2009
In vitro susceptibilities of Leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote stages to antileishmanial reference drugs: practical relevance of stage-specific differences.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:9

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cells, Cultured; Inhibitor

2009
Administration of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate in healthy dogs: clinicopathological evaluation of the impact on the kidneys.
    Toxicologic pathology, 2009, Volume: 37, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Body Weight; Dogs; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytoc

2009
In vitro sensitivity testing of Leishmania clinical field isolates: preconditioning of promastigotes enhances infectivity for macrophage host cells.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cells, Cultured; Flow Cytometry; Leishmani

2009
Selection and phenotype characterization of potassium antimony tartrate-resistant populations of four New World Leishmania species.
    Parasitology research, 2010, Volume: 107, Issue:1

    Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Culture Media; Drug Resi

2010
Visceral Leishmaniasis treated with antimonials/paromomycin followed by itraconazole/miltefosine after standard therapy failures in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.
    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2010, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Itraconazole; Leishmanias

2010
Reductions in skin and systemic parasite burdens as a combined effect of topical paromomycin and oral miltefosine treatment of mice experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:11

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents;

2010
Sitamaquine overcomes ABC-mediated resistance to miltefosine and antimony in Leishmania.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011, Volume: 55, Issue:8

    Topics: Aminoquinolines; Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Drug Resistance,

2011
Novel approach to in vitro drug susceptibility assessment of clinical strains of Leishmania spp.
    Journal of clinical microbiology, 2012, Volume: 50, Issue:7

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Line; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Macrophages; Meglumine; Meglumin

2012
Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. Part IX: synthesis and bioevaluation of aryl substituted ketene dithioacetals as antileishmanial agents.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2012, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21

    Topics: Acetals; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cricetinae; Ethylenes; Ketones; Leishmania donovani; Leishma

2012
New treatment for leishmaniasis is 95% effective.
    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2002, Volume: 80, Issue:8

    Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Developing Countries; Humans; India; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine; Treatme

2002
Lem3p is essential for the uptake and potency of alkylphosphocholine drugs, edelfosine and miltefosine.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2003, Sep-19, Volume: 278, Issue:38

    Topics: Alleles; Antiprotozoal Agents; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Cell Membrane; Cycloheximide; Do

2003
Miltefosine (Impavido): the first oral treatment against leishmaniasis.
    Medical microbiology and immunology, 2004, Volume: 193, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Phosphorylcholine

2004
Leishmaniasis.
    Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2004, Volume: 2, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Insect Control; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Paromomycin; Phosp

2004
Oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004, Nov-15, Volume: 39, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised

2004
[Leishmaniasis--oral treatment with hexadecylphosphocholine].
    Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2004, Volume: 116 Suppl 4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Resistance;

2004