primaquine has been researched along with Methemoglobinemia in 46 studies
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)
primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Methemoglobinemia: The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Primaquine (PQ) is recommended to prevent relapses in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria infection." | 9.14 | Methemoglobinemia and adverse events in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients associated with high doses of primaquine treatment. ( Alvarez, G; Carmona-Fonseca, J; Maestre, A, 2009) |
| "We attempted to clarify this issue by comparing the clinical course of methemoglobinemia caused by dapsone and that caused by other toxic agents." | 7.83 | Difference of the clinical course and outcome between dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia and other toxic-agent-induced methemoglobinemia. ( Ahn, S; Kim, WY; Kim, YJ; Lee, JH; Lee, YS; Lim, KS; Oh, BJ; Ryoo, SM; Seo, DW; Sohn, CH, 2016) |
| " Though these drugs are generally well tolerated, they can result in potentially severe adverse effects." | 5.56 | Murphy's law in force: sequential adverse events encountered during the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (cotrimoxazole-induced acute peripheral neuropathy and primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia). ( Agarwal, R; Dhooria, S; Muthu, V; Prasad, KT; Saxena, P; Sehgal, IS, 2020) |
| "Primaquine (PQ) is recommended to prevent relapses in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria infection." | 5.14 | Methemoglobinemia and adverse events in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients associated with high doses of primaquine treatment. ( Alvarez, G; Carmona-Fonseca, J; Maestre, A, 2009) |
| " Primaquine in particular is known to cause methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia." | 4.02 | Primaquine overdose in a toddler. ( Pomeranz, E; Ponce, DM; Schaeffer, W; Visclosky, T, 2021) |
| "We attempted to clarify this issue by comparing the clinical course of methemoglobinemia caused by dapsone and that caused by other toxic agents." | 3.83 | Difference of the clinical course and outcome between dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia and other toxic-agent-induced methemoglobinemia. ( Ahn, S; Kim, WY; Kim, YJ; Lee, JH; Lee, YS; Lim, KS; Oh, BJ; Ryoo, SM; Seo, DW; Sohn, CH, 2016) |
| "8-Aminoquinolines are an important class of antiparasitic agents, with broad utility and excellent efficacy, but also limitations due to hematological toxicities, primarily methemoglobinemia and hemolysis." | 3.74 | Antiparasitic activities and toxicities of individual enantiomers of the 8-aminoquinoline 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3,4-dichlorophenoxy]quinoline succinate. ( Ager, AL; Bartlett, MS; Croft, SL; Khan, IA; McChesney, JD; Nanayakkara, NP; Walker, LA; Yardley, V, 2008) |
| "Primaquine was as well tolerated as placebo." | 2.70 | Randomized, parallel placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for malaria prophylaxis in Papua, Indonesia. ( Baird, JK; Bangs, MJ; Barcus, MJ; Basri, H; Fryauff, DJ; Gramzinski, R; Hoffman, SL; Jones, TR; Kusumaningsih, M; Lacy, MD; Ling, J; Maguire, JD; Sismadi, P; Wiady, I, 2001) |
| " Though these drugs are generally well tolerated, they can result in potentially severe adverse effects." | 1.56 | Murphy's law in force: sequential adverse events encountered during the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (cotrimoxazole-induced acute peripheral neuropathy and primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia). ( Agarwal, R; Dhooria, S; Muthu, V; Prasad, KT; Saxena, P; Sehgal, IS, 2020) |
| "Methemoglobin, a toxic ferric form of hemoglobin, is continuously formed in normal erythrocytes, but during abnormal situations in situ, the level is enhanced." | 1.31 | A simple and rapid evaluation of methemoglobin toxicity of 8-aminoquinolines and related compounds. ( Jain, GK; Pandey, VC; Puri, SK; Singh, S; Srivastava, P, 2000) |
| " In order to determine their hemolytic toxicity, we dosed rabbits with M8506 and PQ at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day for 4 days, respectively." | 1.29 | [Comparative study on hemolytic toxicity of trifluoroacetoprimaquine and primaquine in rabbits]. ( Ha, S; Shi, X; Yiao, J; Zhan, C, 1994) |
| "Primaquine was not detectable in the plasma of any of the volunteers, 24 h after each daily dose." | 1.26 | Studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine. ( Bunnag, D; Evans, DA; Fletcher, KA; Gilles, HM; Greaves, J; Harinasuta, T, 1981) |
| "Some primaquine was excreted along with at least five metabolites including 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (5HPQ) and a small amount of 6-hydroxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (6HPQ)." | 1.26 | Metabolism of 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents. ( Allahyari, R; Fraser, IM; Strother, A; Tilton, BE, 1981) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 26 (56.52) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (10.87) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 7 (15.22) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (10.87) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (6.52) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Nanayakkara, NP | 1 |
| Ager, AL | 1 |
| Bartlett, MS | 1 |
| Yardley, V | 1 |
| Croft, SL | 1 |
| Khan, IA | 1 |
| McChesney, JD | 1 |
| Walker, LA | 1 |
| Essendrop, R | 1 |
| Friedline, N | 1 |
| Cruz, J | 1 |
| Saxena, P | 1 |
| Muthu, V | 1 |
| Dhooria, S | 1 |
| Sehgal, IS | 1 |
| Prasad, KT | 1 |
| Agarwal, R | 1 |
| Sahu, KK | 1 |
| Mishra, AK | 1 |
| Lal, A | 1 |
| Siddiqui, AD | 1 |
| George, SV | 1 |
| Visclosky, T | 1 |
| Schaeffer, W | 1 |
| Pomeranz, E | 1 |
| Ponce, DM | 1 |
| Vieira, JL | 1 |
| Ferreira, MES | 1 |
| Ferreira, MVD | 1 |
| Gomes, MM | 1 |
| Bancone, G | 1 |
| Gornsawun, G | 1 |
| Chu, CS | 1 |
| Porn, P | 1 |
| Pal, S | 1 |
| Bansil, P | 1 |
| Domingo, GJ | 1 |
| Nosten, F | 1 |
| Kedar, P | 1 |
| Warang, P | 1 |
| Sanyal, S | 1 |
| Devendra, R | 1 |
| Ghosh, K | 1 |
| Colah, R | 1 |
| Kim, YJ | 1 |
| Sohn, CH | 1 |
| Ryoo, SM | 1 |
| Ahn, S | 1 |
| Seo, DW | 1 |
| Lee, YS | 1 |
| Lee, JH | 1 |
| Oh, BJ | 1 |
| Lim, KS | 1 |
| Kim, WY | 1 |
| Carmona-Fonseca, J | 1 |
| Alvarez, G | 1 |
| Maestre, A | 1 |
| Raman, J | 1 |
| Mody, S | 1 |
| Khubchandani, RP | 1 |
| HANSEN, JE | 1 |
| CLEVE, EA | 1 |
| PRUITT, FW | 1 |
| WITTMER, JF | 1 |
| PALEK, J | 1 |
| GREENBERG, MS | 1 |
| WONG, H | 1 |
| Hamill, M | 1 |
| Harte, D | 1 |
| Miller, RF | 1 |
| Allakhverdiev, AM | 1 |
| Grinberg, LN | 1 |
| Clyde, DF | 2 |
| Fletcher, KA | 2 |
| Evans, DA | 1 |
| Gilles, HM | 1 |
| Greaves, J | 1 |
| Bunnag, D | 1 |
| Harinasuta, T | 1 |
| Strother, A | 1 |
| Fraser, IM | 3 |
| Allahyari, R | 1 |
| Tilton, BE | 2 |
| Jaremin, B | 1 |
| Felczak-Korzybska, I | 1 |
| Myjak, P | 1 |
| Taketa, F | 1 |
| Matteson, KJ | 1 |
| Chen, JY | 1 |
| Libnoch, JA | 1 |
| Shi, X | 1 |
| Zhan, C | 1 |
| Ha, S | 1 |
| Yiao, J | 1 |
| Morais, Mda S | 1 |
| Augusto, O | 1 |
| Sin, DD | 1 |
| Shafran, SD | 1 |
| Driver, JA | 1 |
| Lynn, J | 1 |
| Dhanjal, US | 1 |
| Srivastava, P | 1 |
| Singh, S | 1 |
| Jain, GK | 1 |
| Puri, SK | 3 |
| Pandey, VC | 3 |
| Baird, JK | 1 |
| Lacy, MD | 1 |
| Basri, H | 1 |
| Barcus, MJ | 1 |
| Maguire, JD | 1 |
| Bangs, MJ | 1 |
| Gramzinski, R | 1 |
| Sismadi, P | 1 |
| Ling, J | 1 |
| Wiady, I | 1 |
| Kusumaningsih, M | 1 |
| Jones, TR | 1 |
| Fryauff, DJ | 1 |
| Hoffman, SL | 1 |
| Srivastava, S | 1 |
| Alhomida, AS | 1 |
| Siddiqi, NJ | 1 |
| Oltersdorf, U | 1 |
| Bitsch, I | 1 |
| Klapp-Kunsemüller, E | 1 |
| Kantor, GS | 1 |
| Ruf, B | 1 |
| Pohle, HD | 1 |
| Srivastava, R | 1 |
| Sethi, N | 1 |
| Dutta, GP | 1 |
| Agarwal, S | 1 |
| Gupta, UR | 1 |
| Gupta, RC | 1 |
| Anand, N | 1 |
| Agarwal, SS | 1 |
| Price, AH | 1 |
| Link, CM | 1 |
| Theoharides, AD | 1 |
| Anders, JC | 1 |
| Chung, H | 1 |
| Canfield, CJ | 1 |
| DiPalma, JR | 1 |
| Jaffe, ER | 1 |
| La Du, BN | 1 |
| Gryglewski, R | 1 |
| Rebert, CC | 1 |
| McCarthy, VC | 1 |
| Dawkins, AT | 1 |
| Cucinell, SA | 1 |
| Ajmar, F | 1 |
| Gaetani, G | 1 |
| Garré, C | 1 |
| Bianchi, G | 1 |
| Salvidio, E | 1 |
| Vesell, ES | 2 |
| Cohen, RJ | 1 |
| Sachs, JR | 1 |
| Wicker, DJ | 1 |
| Conrad, ME | 1 |
| Sietsma, A | 1 |
| Naughton, MA | 1 |
| Harley, JD | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development of Safer Drugs for Malaria in U.S. Troops, Civilian Personnel, and Travelers: Clinical Evaluation of Primaquine Enantiomer[NCT02898779] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-01 | Completed | ||
| Does Artemisinin Combination Treatment Reduce the Radical Curative Efficacy of High Dose Tafenoquine for Plasmodium Vivax Malaria?[NCT05788094] | Phase 4 | 388 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-06-26 | Recruiting | ||
| Phase 1 and Phase 2a Clinical Trial:Immunization of Human Volunteers With P. Vivax Irradiated Sporozoites[NCT01082341] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 27 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
3 reviews available for primaquine and Methemoglobinemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[METHEMOGLOBINEMIA, HEMOLYSIS AND FORMATION OF HEINZ BODIES IN THE ERYTHROCYTES].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catalase; Erythrocytes; | 1964 |
Genetic determimants in drug action.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetyltransferases; Cholinesterases; Coumarins; Dealkylation; Drug Resistance; Genes; G | 1972 |
[Medical pharmacogenetics. I. Methods applied in pharmacogenetic studies].
Topics: Catecholamines; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Isoniazid; Methemoglobinemia; Methods; Pharmacogenetics; | 1967 |
3 trials available for primaquine and Methemoglobinemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Methemoglobinemia and adverse events in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients associated with high doses of primaquine treatment.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Antimalarials; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; | 2009 |
Randomized, parallel placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for malaria prophylaxis in Papua, Indonesia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antimalarials; Atovaquone; Chemoprevention; Child; Drug Combinations; Fe | 2001 |
Diformyl diaminodiphenyl sufone (DFD) as an antimalarial in man.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dapsone; Formates; Humans; Malaria; Mal | 1970 |
40 other studies available for primaquine and Methemoglobinemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Antiparasitic activities and toxicities of individual enantiomers of the 8-aminoquinoline 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3,4-dichlorophenoxy]quinoline succinate.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Dogs; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; | 2008 |
Delayed Diagnosis in Army Ranger Postdeployment Primaquine-Induced Methemoglobinemia.
Topics: Afghan Campaign 2001-; Delayed Diagnosis; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Military Personnel; Primaquine | 2019 |
Murphy's law in force: sequential adverse events encountered during the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (cotrimoxazole-induced acute peripheral neuropathy and primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimalarials; Clindamycin; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Human | 2020 |
Methemoglobinemia: a challenge while managing pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
Topics: Humans; Methemoglobinemia; New Zealand; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; | 2020 |
Primaquine overdose in a toddler.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Child, Preschool; Drug Overdose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase De | 2021 |
Primaquine in Plasma and Methemoglobinemia in Patients with Malaria Due to
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antimalarials; Brazil; Chloroquine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, C | 2017 |
Validation of the quantitative point-of-care CareStart biosensor for assessment of G6PD activity in venous blood.
Topics: Adult; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Area Under Curve; Biosensing Techniques; Clinical Enzyme Test | 2018 |
Primaquine-induced severe methemoglobinemia developed during treatment of Plasmodium vivax malarial infection in an Indian family associated with a novel mutation (p.Agr57Trp) in the CYB5R3 gene.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase; Female; Humans; India; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Methemogl | 2014 |
Difference of the clinical course and outcome between dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia and other toxic-agent-induced methemoglobinemia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Dapsone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dru | 2016 |
Primaquine induced methemoglobinemia.
Topics: Antimalarials; Child; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Primaquine; Trea | 2003 |
Relapse of vivax malaria treated with primaquine and report of one case of cyanosis (methemoglobinemia) due to primaquine.
Topics: Antimalarials; Chronic Disease; Cyanosis; Humans; Malaria; Malaria, Vivax; Methemoglobinemia; Primaq | 1954 |
AEROMEDICAL ASPECTS OF MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS WITH CHLOROQUINE-PRIMAQUINE.
Topics: Aerospace Medicine; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Chloroquine; Humans; Malaria; Methemoglobinemia; Moto | 1963 |
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA AND HEINZ BODY HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA DUE TO PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Azo Compounds; Chromium Isotopes; Erythrocytes; Gl | 1964 |
Methaemoglobinaemia causing progressive dyspnoea and cyanosis during treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Cyanosis; Dyspnea; Humans; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Pneum | 2007 |
[Study of hemolysis in vitro for the purpose of detecting primaquine sensitivity].
Topics: Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Met | 1981 |
Clinical problems associated with the use of primaquine as a tissue schizontocidal and gametocytocidal drug.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Malaria; | 1981 |
Studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine.
Topics: Chloroquine; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Primaquine | 1981 |
Metabolism of 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Antimalarials; Dogs; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Me | 1981 |
[A case of methemoglobinemia and agranulocytosis during the treatment of malaria (pl. ovale) with arequine and primaquine].
Topics: Adult; Agranulocytosis; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Humans; Malaria; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Primaq | 1982 |
Methemoglobin reduction in red cells: effect of a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin.
Topics: Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Hemoglobin A; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Methemoglobin; Meth | 1980 |
[Comparative study on hemolytic toxicity of trifluoroacetoprimaquine and primaquine in rabbits].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Antimalarials; Female; Hemolysis; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Primaquine; R | 1994 |
Peroxidation of the antimalarial drug primaquine: characterization of a benzidine-like metabolite with methaemoglobin-forming activity.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Benzidines; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobins; Horseradish Peroxidase; Male; Methe | 1993 |
Dapsone- and primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia in HIV-infected individuals.
Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anti-Infective Agents; Clindamycin; | 1996 |
Worsening oxygen saturation during treatment with oxidative drugs: a clinical reminder.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Dapsone; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Primaquine | 1996 |
A simple and rapid evaluation of methemoglobin toxicity of 8-aminoquinolines and related compounds.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Aminoquinolines; Animals; Antimalarials; Artemisini | 2000 |
Methemoglobin reductase activity and in vitro sensitivity towards oxidant induced methemoglobinemia in swiss mice and beagle dogs erythrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Methemoglobinemia; Mice; Muridae | 2002 |
Interactions between malnutrition and primaquine studied on Wistar rats. II. Complex vitamin B deficiency and thiamine deficiency.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Male; Methemoglobinemia; | 1976 |
Primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia during treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Pneumoc | 1992 |
Clindamycin/primaquine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Topics: Adult; Clindamycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Methemoglobinemia; | 1989 |
Methemoglobin toxicity and hematological studies on malaria anti-relapse compound CDRI 80/53 in dogs.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Antimalarials; Appetite; Body Weight; Dogs; Female; Male; Methemoglobinemi | 1989 |
Susceptibility of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red cells to primaquine enantiomers and two putative metabolites--I. Effect on reduced glutathione, methemoglobin content and release of hemoglobin.
Topics: Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutathione; Hemoglobins; Humans; In Vitro | 1988 |
Ethnic differences in the reactions to drugs and xenobiotics. The metabolism and toxicity of primaquine.
Topics: Animals; Asian People; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Kinetics; Macaca mulatta; | 1986 |
Structure-activity relationships of putative primaquine metabolites causing methemoglobin formation in canine hemolysates.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Dogs; Free Radicals; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniqu | 1985 |
Drug-induced hemolysis.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Black People; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase | 1973 |
Is it bad to be blue?
Topics: Electrophoresis; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Male; Methemoglobin; Methemoglobinemia; NAD; Oxido | 1969 |
Effect of primaquine on erythrocytes with NADH-methaemoglobin reductase deficiency and low glutathione reductase activity.
Topics: Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Child; Chromium Isotopes; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Erythrocyte | 1972 |
Alterations in normal and G-6-PD deficient human erythrocytes of various ages after exposure to metabolites of hemolytic drugs.
Topics: Adult; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutathione; Hemo | 1971 |
Effects of metabolites of primaquine and acetanilid on normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes.
Topics: Acetanilides; Animals; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutat | 1968 |
Methemoglobinemia provoked by malarial chemoprophylaxis in Vietnam.
Topics: Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Cyanosis; Dapsone; Diseases in Twins; Erythrocytes; Female; Hematocrit; | 1968 |
"Blue soldiers".
Topics: Australia; Chloroquine; Cyanosis; Humans; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Military Medicine; Primaquine | 1968 |