Compounds > (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3

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Description

## (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3: A Potent Bioactive Compound from Ginseng

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is a **dammarane-type saponin**, a naturally occurring compound found in the roots of **Panax ginseng**, a plant traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine. It's a **bioactive compound** meaning it exhibits various pharmacological effects in the body.

**Why is (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Important for Research?**

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 has been extensively researched for its potential therapeutic benefits in various conditions, including:

* **Cancer:** Studies suggest it possesses anti-cancer activity by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels). This has led to research focusing on its potential use in treating cancers like lung, colon, and prostate cancer.
* **Neurological disorders:** Research indicates it may protect against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by reducing neuronal damage and inflammation. Its potential to improve cognitive function and memory is also being investigated.
* **Cardiovascular health:** It's been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, including reducing blood pressure, improving blood flow, and protecting the heart from oxidative stress.
* **Immune system modulation:** (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 can modulate the immune system, potentially enhancing immune response and offering protection against various infections.
* **Anti-inflammatory properties:** It has anti-inflammatory properties, which could potentially be useful for treating conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

**Challenges and Future Directions:**

While promising, further research is needed to understand the full potential of (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3:

* **Mechanism of action:** More research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 exerts its therapeutic effects.
* **Clinical trials:** More robust clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans, particularly in treating specific diseases.
* **Pharmacokinetic properties:** Understanding its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body is crucial for optimizing its use as a therapeutic agent.

**Overall, (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is a promising compound with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Continued research is vital to unravel its full therapeutic potential and pave the way for its safe and effective use in treating various diseases.**

(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-R positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
PanaxgenusAn araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. Sometimes confused with Siberian ginseng (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS).[MeSH]AraliaceaeThe ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH]
Panax japonicusspecies[no description available]AraliaceaeThe ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID46887680
CHEMBL ID1095008
CHEBI ID67990

Synonyms (22)

Synonym
CHEMBL1095008 ,
20(r)-ginsenoside rg3
chebi:67990 ,
(20r)-ginsenoside rg3
bdbm50317536
(3beta,12beta,20r)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside
S9021
20(r)-propanaxidiol
20(r)-propanaxadiol
AKOS027251123
mfcd11045225
.beta.-d-glucopyranoside, (3.beta.,12.beta.,20r)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-o-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-
(3.beta.,12.beta.,20r)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl o-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-.beta.-d-glucopyranoside
ginsenoside rg3, (r)-
ginsenoside rg3, (-)-
r-ginsenoside rg3
20r-ginsenoside rg3
Q27136474
RWXIFXNRCLMQCD-CZIWJLDFSA-N
(20r)ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside-re3
CCG-270473
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
antioxidantA substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
ginsenosideTriterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.
glycosideA glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.
tetracyclic triterpenoidAny triterpenoid consisting of a tetracyclic skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
DNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)250.00000.02101.862610.0000AID480992
DNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)250.00000.48004.35649.9400AID480993
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)200.00000.00101.191310.0000AID1161379
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)250.00000.00030.71237.0700AID480992
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (39)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
DNA topological changeDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
programmed cell deathDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylationDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic cleavageDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome segregationDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replicationDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA topological changeDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA ligationDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
chromosome segregationDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
female meiotic nuclear divisionDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic chromosome condensationDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic cleavageDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediateDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA duplex unwindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
resolution of meiotic recombination intermediatesDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sister chromatid segregationDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell maturationAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urine volumeAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
fructose biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic salinity responseAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric collecting duct developmentAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (29)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
single-stranded DNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activityDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding, bendingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
supercoiled DNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activityDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNADNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA binding, bendingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin bindingDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
retinal dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
L-glucuronate reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear chromosomeDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
P-bodyDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleusDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryonDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-DNA complexDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusDNA topoisomerase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear chromosomeDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
centrioleDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
chromosome, centromeric regionDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosomeDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleusDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleolusDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) complexDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA topoisomerase 2-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (39)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID599439Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID599443Cytotoxicity against human ES2 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID1210050Cytotoxicity against neonatal HDF assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID595751Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay2011Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4
Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID1161379Inhibition of human recombinant aldose reductase using DL-glyceraldehyde, HRAR and beta-NADPH incubated for 10 mins by spectrophotometry2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 as aldose reductase inhibitor from Panax ginseng.
AID599448Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID1370960Inhibition of SIRT1 (unknown origin) assessed as reduction in Fluor de Lys deacetylation at 10 to 20 uM incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins in presence of NAD/NADH by fluorescence assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3
SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID599442Cytotoxicity against human ES2 cells assessed as cell viability at 25 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID599449Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID1235819Neurotrophic activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as stimulation of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth at 10 uM after 72 hrs by phase-contrast microscopic analysis relative to control2015Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8
Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng.
AID1210051Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced DNA strand breakage by measuring tunnel positive cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs (Rvb = 15.96%)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID595754Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay2011Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4
Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID595752Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay2011Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4
Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID480999Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1235821Cytotoxicity against human SMMC-7712 cells2015Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8
Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng.
AID595753Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay2011Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4
Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID599447Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID1172640Inhibition of cell proliferation of rat C6 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells.
AID1370961Activation of SIRT1 (unknown origin) assessed as Fluor de Lys deacetylation at 10 to 20 uM incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins in presence of NAD/NADH by fluorescence assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3
SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1235824Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells2015Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8
Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng.
AID481001Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1235820Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells2015Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8
Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng.
AID1210049Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced cell death at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID599444Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells assessed as cell viability at 25 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID480997Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID599441Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID1235822Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells2015Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8
Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng.
AID1172639Inhibition of cell proliferation of human U251 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells.
AID480992Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase 1-mediated relaxation of supercoiled DNA by gel electrophoresis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1181201Activation of flag-tagged SIRT1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells after 12 hrs by SIRT1-p53 luciferase reporter gene based assay2014Journal of natural products, Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7
Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1210052Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced tail moment at 10 uM after 24 hrs by comet assay2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID270214Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at 2 mM2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19
Stereospecificity in hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of four ginsenosides produced by heat processing.
AID1235823Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells2015Journal of natural products, Aug-28, Volume: 78, Issue:8
Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng.
AID480995Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID480993Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase 2-mediated relaxation of supercoiled DNA by gel electrophoresis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID599446Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 25 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID599445Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID599438Cytotoxicity against human ES2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
AID599440Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (10)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (10.00)29.6817
2010's9 (90.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.68

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.68 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.40 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.08 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.68)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other10 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.1710pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0610organic cation
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.0610acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
temozolomide
[no description available]		2.110imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.4820hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.110dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.0310flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
alpha-amyrin
alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol
panaxadiol
panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer		2.0610triterpenoid saponin
beta-amyrin acetate
[no description available]		2.0510triterpenoid
ginsenoside rh2
ginsenoside Rh2: from leaves of Panax ginseng C; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.532012beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
lupeol
[no description available]		2.0510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside re
[no description available]		2.051012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside rf
ginsenoside Rf: from ginseng. ginsenoside Rf : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.061012beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg1
[no description available]		2.472012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		neuroprotective agent;
pro-angiogenic agent
acarbose
[no description available]		2.0610amino cyclitol;
glycoside
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.1710resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.110cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
ganhuangenin
ganhuangenin: flavonoid from Scutellaria rehderiana; lipid peroxide antagonist		2.110
quercetin
[no description available]		2.77307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
luteolin
[no description available]		2.05103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.110disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
baicalein
[no description available]		2.0510trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
rosmarinic acid
rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.		2.110rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
lyoniside
daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa.		2.0610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
steroid saponin		plant metabolite
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available]		2.110quinic acid
ginsenoside rb2
[no description available]		2.11012beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antiviral agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside f1
ginsenoside F1: from ginseng. ginsenoside F1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.532012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
6alpha-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		apoptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside m1
ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.11012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available]		2.9940ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
ginsenoside f2
ginsenoside F2: isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. ginsenoside F2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.482012beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		3.5880ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
araloside a
araloside A: structure given in first source; isolated from the root bark of Aralia chinesis L.		2.0610triterpenoid saponinmetabolite
protopanaxadiol, (3beta,12beta)-isomer
(20S)-protopanaxadiol : A diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-S position.		2.1710protopanaxadiol
ginsenoside rk1
ginsenoside Rk1: structure in first source		2.0310
ginsenoside rd
ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.		2.7630beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunosuppressive agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
vulnerary
ginsenoside rc
[no description available]		2.11012beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
ginsenoside rh1
ginsenoside Rh1: RN given for (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-isomer. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position.		2.11012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb3
[no description available]		2.482012beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antidepressant;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
plant metabolite
chikusetsu saponin iva
chikusetsu saponin IVa: from the tubers of Hemsleya pengxianensis (Cucurbitaceae)		2.4620triterpenoid saponinmetabolite
ginsenoside rg2
ginsenoside Rg2: structure in first source; RN given refers to (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-isomer. ginsenoside Rg2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.532012beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anticoagulant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
notoginsenoside r2
notoginsenoside R2: from the roots of commercial ginseng		2.110triterpenoid saponin
ginsenoside rh4
ginsenoside Rh4: isolated from Korean red ginseng Panax ginseng; structure in first source		2.1710triterpenoid saponin
gypenoside XVII
gypenoside XVII : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.482012beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
ginsenoside rk3
ginsenoside Rk3: structure in first source		2.1710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.110
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.110