melarsonic acid profile

Melarsonic acid is a synthetic arsenical drug that was used to treat African trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. It is no longer widely used due to its toxicity, but it remains important for the treatment of late-stage disease and for patients who are resistant to other drugs. Melarsonic acid works by inhibiting the enzyme trypanothione reductase, which is essential for the survival of Trypanosoma brucei. The drug was first synthesized in the 1940s and was introduced into clinical use in the 1950s. Melarsonic acid can cause serious side effects, including encephalopathy (inflammation of the brain), coma, and death. It is also associated with a high risk of allergic reactions. For these reasons, melarsonic acid is only used as a last resort treatment for African trypanosomiasis. Despite its toxicity, melarsonic acid has played a crucial role in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and continues to be studied as a potential lead for the development of new, safer drugs.'

melarsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	25908
SCHEMBL ID	1567163
MeSH ID	M0065679

Synonym
melarsonyl
2-[4-[(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl]-1,3,2-dithiarsolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid
37526-80-0
1,3,2-dithiarsolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 2-(4-((4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)-
melarsonylum (acid)
melarsonic acid
unii-ooo8qr9y40
ooo8qr9y40 ,
trimelarsan
SCHEMBL1567163
HY-U00295
CS-7264
Q27285767
DTXSID90864390
AKOS040740843

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	15 (71.43)	18.7374
1990's	5 (23.81)	18.2507
2000's	1 (4.76)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	26 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	1.99	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.67	3	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	3.29	2	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	1.97	1	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	1.97	1	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	1.97	1	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	1.97	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.38	2	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	1.99	1	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	3.07	5	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
thymidine [no description available]	1.97	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.97	1	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiazoles [no description available]	2.37	2	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
melarsoprol Melarsoprol: Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects.	3.97	5	triazines
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	1.97	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	1.97	1	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
melarsen oxide melarsen oxide: inhibits glutathione reductase	1.99	1
flubendazole flubendazole: the p-fluoro analog of mebendazole. flubendazole : A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	1.97	1	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound	antinematodal drug; teratogenic agent
satranidazole satranidazole: anti-bacterial used to treat periodontitis; structure given in first source	1.97	1
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.99	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
fexinidazole fexinidazole: structure given in first source	1.97	1
isometamidium chloride isometamidium chloride: Samorin & Veridium are tradenames	2.38	2	organic molecular entity
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
mk 436 MK 436: structure	1.97	1
melarsomine dihydrochloride [no description available]	1.99	1
cgp 20376 [no description available]	2.37	2
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.67	3	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	5.26	21	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
amocarzine amocarzine : A thiourea resulting from the formal condensation of the secondary amino group of 1-methylpiperazine and the primary amino group of N-(4-nitrophenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine with carbonothioic O,O-acid.	2.37	2	C-nitro compound; N-methylpiperazine; secondary amino compound; thioureas	antinematodal drug
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	1.97	1	nitrofuran antibiotic
furapyrimidone [no description available]	1.97	1
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.37	2
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	1.97	1
hypoxanthine [no description available]	1.97	1	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	1.99	1	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	3.03	5
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	2.64	3
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	2.64	3
Hansen Disease [description not available]	1.93	1
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	1.93	1
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	2.64	3
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	4.25	7
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	4.25	7
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	1.93	1
Arboviral Encephalitis [description not available]	1.93	1
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	1.93	1
Loa loa Filariasis [description not available]	1.93	1
Loiasis A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (Tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless.	1.93	1
Brain Disorders [description not available]	1.97	1
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	1.97	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.88	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.88	1
Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available]	1.97	1
Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.	1.97	1

melarsonic acid

Description

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Synonyms (15)

Research

Studies (21)

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Research Demand Index: 11.04

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