thioacetazone and Leprosy

Topics: Animals; Clofazimine; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Kinetics; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Mice; Mycobacterium leprae; Rats; Rifamycins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfones; Thioacetazone

Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Ethionamide; Humans; Leprosy; Rifampin; Sulfonamides; Thioacetazone; Thiourea

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Dapsone; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethionamide; Humans; Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae; Phenazines; Rifampin; Sulfonamides; Sulfones; Thioacetazone; Thiosemicarbazones; Thiourea

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dapsone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Foot; gamma-Globulins; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotherapy; Leprosy; Mice; Muramidase; Mycobacterium leprae; Phenazines; Sulfonamides; Sulfones; Thalidomide; Thioacetazone

Topics: Aminobenzoates; Animals; Culture Techniques; Dapsone; Ethambutol; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Mice; Mycobacterium leprae; Phenazines; Rats; Streptomycin; Thioacetazone

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Cycloserine; Ethambutol; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Mice; Mycobacterium leprae; Phenazines; Pyrazinamide; Streptomycin; Sulfadimethoxine; Sulfides; Thioacetazone; Urea

Pyrazinamide in a dose of 1500 mg was given to 63 borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) leprosy patients on different drug regimens for the initial 2 months of therapy. Fifty-one BL and LL patients were put on the same drug regimens without pyrazinamide. There was a rapid and good clinical improvement in the patients in both of the groups. At the end of 2 years, the patients who received pyrazinamide had a morphological index (MI) of zero as compared to those patients who did not receive pyrazinamide, some of whom still had solidly staining bacilli. One out of 20 (5%) scrotal (smooth muscle) biopsies of the patients who received pyrazinamide had growth in the mouse foot pad as compared to 9 out of 38 (23.7%) smooth muscle biopsies of the patients who did not receive pyrazinamide. At the end of 5 years, the patients who received pyrazinamide had slightly better results compared with the non-pyrazinamide group. Pyrazinamide appears to have some effect against persisters in multibacillary leprosy. A well-controlled, randomized trial with longer duration of pyrazinamide therapy in a larger group of patients needs to be carried out to unequivocally determine the exact role of pyrazinamide in leprosy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Scrotum; Skin; Thioacetazone

A clinical trial was initiated at ALERT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to study the effect of one-year supplementary treatment on the incidence of dapsone-resistant leprosy in lepromatous patients already on dapsone monotherapy. A total of 806 patients on dapsone therapy were assigned to one of four groups. The first group served as a control group, the second received a combination tablet of thiacetazone and INH (Thiazina) daily for 12 months, the third group received Thiazina daily for 12 months plus rifampin daily during months 1 and 7, and the fourth group received rifampin daily during months 1 and 7 but no Thiazina. Eighty-three percent of the patients were followed for five years after discontinuation of the supplementary treatment. The annual incidence of relapses and dapsone-resistant leprosy in the control group appeared to be 2.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The Thiazina treatment had no significant effect on either the overall relapse rate or the incidence of dapsone-resistant leprosy. The rifampin treatment, on the other hand, did significantly lower the relapse rate and only a single case of dapsone resistance was detected. A high incidence of relapse was found in young female patients. Nineteen of the 45 relapsed patients were bacteriologically negative at the start of the supplementary treatment and six had already been negative for over five years.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dapsone; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Recurrence; Rifampin; Sex Factors; Thioacetazone

Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofazimine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium leprae; Rifampin; Sulfones; Thioacetazone

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dapsone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Foot; gamma-Globulins; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotherapy; Leprosy; Mice; Muramidase; Mycobacterium leprae; Phenazines; Sulfonamides; Sulfones; Thalidomide; Thioacetazone

Relapse rates were studied in patients from northern Thailand who were started on dapsone monotherapy between 1949 and 1976. Included are a group of patients who, for various reasons, also received combinations of dapsone and thiambutosine, thiacetazone, isoniazid and streptomycin. The overall relapse rate in paucibacillary patients on dapsone monotherapy only was 2.7 per 1000 person-years at risk (PYR) (average observation period 13.9 years). In the multibacillary patients who received dapsone monotherapy only, the relapse rate was 10.5 per 1000 PYR (average observation period 12.4 years). In both groups it was found that 50% of the relapses occurred after the seventh year of follow up. The overall relapse rate in those patients whose treatment included thiambutosine, thiacetazone, isoniazid and/or streptomycin for at least 3 months was 17.9 per 1000 PYR (average observation period 11.9 years). The difference with the multibacillary patients treated with dapsone monotherapy only is not significant. It is concluded that alternative antileprosy drugs included in therapy regimens with dapsone in the pre-MDT era did not result in relapses occurring less often.

Topics: Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Male; Phenylthiourea; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Skin; Streptomycin; Thioacetazone

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethionamide; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Isonicotinic Acids; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Prothionamide; Self Administration; Thioacetazone

A 2 year follow-up study of 4 drug regimen in 45 cases is reported; whereas the combination of Rifampicin and Dapsone had been found to effect clearance of bacteraemia within a week and effect negativity of nasal smears in a shorter period of time, at 2 years the clinical and bacteriological results in the DDS, DDS + Rifampicin, DDS + Thiacetazone + INH, and DDS + Clofazimine regimen were similar. However, on inoculating bacilli obtained from the dartos muscle into the foot-pads of mice, multiplication was found in 1 out of 11 cases on Rifampicin and DDS, whereas 2 out of 9 cases on DDS + Thiacetazone + INH; 2 out of 10 cases on DDS + Clofazimine and 4 out of 8 cases on DDS alone showed multiplication. Therefore at the end of 2 years there was no significant difference in the results of treatment with any of the drug combinations used in the trial. However, the drug combinations have been found to be better than monotherapy with dapsone alone.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Thioacetazone

Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Hypersensitivity; Ethionamide; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Rifampin; Thioacetazone

Assessment of bacteraemia has been made at weekly intervals in 36 lepromatous leprosy patients who were put on different antileprosy drug under four regimens, viz., DDS alone, DDS in combination with rifampicin (DDS + RIF), clofazimine (DDS + CLF) and thiacetazone (DDS + TCT). In general, with the continuation of treatment the bacillary load in the blood decreased considerably while bacteriological index (BI) of the skin remained constant during the study. No significant difference was noted in M. leprae clearance from blood between the groups treated with DDS alone and groups treated in combination with CLF and TCT. However, DDS + RIF treatment was most efficient in clearing acid-fast bacilli (AFB) from blood as compared to those noted with other drug regimens.

Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leprosy; Male; Rifampin; Sepsis; Thioacetazone

A comparative study with 2 tier and 3 tier combination of Rifampicin, Clofazimine, DDS, INAH and Thiacetazone was conducted on fifty lepromatous leprosy cases for varying periods. Assessment showed that 2 tier combination of clofazimine and DDS produced good results but the cost stood in the way; whereas 3 tier combination of DDS, thiacetazone and INAH also yielded good results with much less expenses to be incurred by the patients. Whether therapy with this 3 tier combination could be continued for a longer period with sustained improvement is yet to be assessed by further studies for a considerable period.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Thioacetazone

In this study we assess the degree of prolonged bacteriostasis of Mycobacterium leprae after temporary exposure to ehtionamide or thiacetazone, and relate this to their efficacy when administered intermittently to mice with experimental leprosy infections. The results show that temporary exposure of M. leprae to either of these drugs results in a prolonged bacteriostatic effect, but that efficacy is rapidly lost as the interval between doses is increased. Using the mouse foot pad system, growth of M. leprae is not inhibited by thiacetazone when the frequency of administration is less than three times weekly. When ethionamide is administered once weekly, growth of M. leprae is inhibited but bactericidal activity is lost. When ethionamide is administered in combination with continuous dapsone therapy, either continuously or three times weekly, the bactericidal activity of the drug combination is greater than when either drug is administered alone. However, when ethionamide is administered once weekly in combination with continuous dapsone treatment, the bactericidal effect is identical to that when dapsone is given alone: that is, ethionamide makes no contribution to the combination.

Topics: Animals; Dapsone; Drug Administration Schedule; Ethionamide; Female; Leprosy; Mice; Mycobacterium leprae; Thioacetazone

Topics: Acedapsone; Animals; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethionamide; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Mice; Prothionamide; Rifampin; Thioacetazone

Topics: Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Leprosy; Mice; Phenylthiourea; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Thioacetazone

Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Antitubercular Agents; Dapsone; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Health Services; Humans; India; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Organization and Administration; Sulfones; Thioacetazone; Tuberculosis

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dapsone; Epistaxis; Eye Manifestations; Humans; Imines; Lepromin; Leprosy; Neurologic Manifestations; Pain; Phenazines; Sulfonamides; Sulfones; Thioacetazone; Thiourea

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Aniline Compounds; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dapsone; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae; Phenazines; Rifampin; Sulfonamides; Sulfones; Thioacetazone; Thiourea

Topics: Dapsone; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Leprosy; Male; Sulfadiazine; Sulfones; Thioacetazone; Urea; Vitamin D

Topics: Injections; Leprosy; Plant Oils; Sulfones; Thioacetazone; Thiosemicarbazones

Topics: Erythema Nodosum; Histological Techniques; Humans; Leprosy; Thioacetazone; Thiosemicarbazones

Topics: Leprosy; Thioacetazone; Thiosemicarbazones