1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Hyperglycemia

In this study, catechin (CTN) isolated from

Topics: alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Catechin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Elaeagnaceae; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Fruit; Glyburide; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kidney; Lipid Peroxides; Lipids; Malondialdehyde; Phenol; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptozocin; Sulfonic Acids

In the present study, the antioxidant activity, anti-glycation activity, α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS) and its chromium (III) complex (UIOPC) were investigated. Their protective effects against H

Topics: alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Antioxidants; Basidiomycota; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Chromium; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Polysaccharides

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia generally associated with oxidative stress. The present study aims at evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of methanol and hydroethanol extracts of the stem bark and leaves of Pricralima nitida and the Sonchus oleraceus whole plant respectively.. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) for free radical-scavenging properties of the extracts, and the Folin-Ciocalteu method in determining their phenol contents. The antidiabetic activity was tested in mice following streptozotocin diabetes induction, and selected oxidative stress markers (Malondialdehyde, Hydrogen peroxides and Catalase) were measured in order to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in treated animals.. The in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH showed IC50 ranging from 0.19 ± 0.08 to 1.00 ± 0.06 mg/mL. The highest activity was obtained with the hydroethanol extracts of S. oleraceus (0.19 mg/mL and P. nitida (0.24 mg/mL). Polyphenol contents ranged from 182.25 ± 16.76 to 684.62 ± 46.66 μg Eq Cat/g. The methanol extract of P. nitida showed the highest activity, followed by the hydroethanol extract of S. oleraceus (616.89 ± 19.20 μEq Cat/g). The hydroethanol extract of whole plants (150 mg/Kg) and methanol leave extract of P. nitida (300 mg/Kg) exhibited significant antidiabetic activities with 39.40% and 38.48% glycaemia reduction, respectively. The measurement of stress markers in plasma, liver and kidney after administration of both extracts showed significant reduction in MDA and hydrogen peroxide levels, coupled with a substantial increase in catalase activity.. These findings suggest that S. oleraceus whole plant and P. nitida leaves possess both antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, and therefore could be used as starting point for the development of herbal medicines and/or source of new drug molecules against diabetes.

Topics: Africa; Animals; Antioxidants; Apocynaceae; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Catalase; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Structures; Polyphenols; Sonchus

The present study described the phytochemical profile of Lavandula stoechas essential oils, collected in the area of Ain-Draham (North-West of Tunisia), as well as their protective effects against alloxan-induced diabetes and oxidative stress in rat.. Essential oils samples were obtained from the aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Rats were divided into four groups: Healthy Control (HC); Diabetic Control (DC); Healthy + Essential Oils (H + EO) and Diabetic + Essential Oils (D + EO).Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities were evaluated after subacute intraperitoneally injection of Lavandula stoechas essential oils (50 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) to rats during 15 days.. The principal compounds detected are: D-Fenchone (29.28%), α-pinene (23.18%), Camphor (15.97%), Camphene (7.83%), Eucapur (3.29%), Limonene, (2.71%) Linalool, (2.01%) Endobornyl Acetate (1.03%). The essential oils also contained smaller percentages of Tricyclene, Cymene, Delta-Cadinene, Selina-3,7(11)-diene. Furthermore, we found that Lavandula stoechas essential oils significantly protected against the increase of blood glucose as well as the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities induced by aloxan treatment. Subacute essential oils treatment induced a decrease of lipoperoxidation as well as an increase of antioxidant enzyme activities.. These findings suggested that lavandula stoechas essential oils protected against diabetes and oxidative stress induced by alloxan treatment. These effects are in partly due to its potent antioxidant properties.

Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Lavandula; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Norbornanes; Oils, Volatile; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Plant Components, Aerial; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Terpenes

Traditional Indian and Australian medicinal plant extracts were investigated to determine their therapeutic potential to inhibit key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, which has relevance to the management of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant activities were also assessed.. The evaluation of enzyme inhibitory activity of seven Australian aboriginal medicinal plants and five Indian Ayurvedic plants was carried out against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring (i) the scavenging effect of plant extracts against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and (ii) ferric reducing power. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also determined.. Of the twelve plant extracts evaluated, the highest inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was exerted by Santalum spicatum and Pterocarpus marsupium with IC50 values of 5.43 μg/ml and 0.9 μg/ml, respectively, and 5.16 μg/ml and 1.06 μg/ml, respectively. However, the extracts of Acacia ligulata (IC50 = 1.01 μg/ml), Beyeria leshnaultii (0.39 μg/ml), Mucuna pruriens (0.8 μg/ml) and Boerhaavia diffusa (1.72 μg/ml) exhibited considerable activity against α-glucosidase enzyme only. The free radical scavenging activity was found to be prominent in extracts of Acacia kempeana, Acacia ligulata followed by Euphorbia drummondii against both DPPH and ABTS. The reducing power was more pronounced in Euphorbia drummondii and Pterocarpus marsupium extracts. The phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 0.42 to 30.27 μg/mg equivalent of gallic acid and 0.51 to 32.94 μg/mg equivalent of quercetin, respectively, in all plant extracts. Pearson's correlation coefficient between total flavonoids and total phenolics was 0.796.. The results obtained in this study showed that most of the plant extracts have good potential for the management of hyperglycemia, diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Antioxidants; Australia; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ferric Compounds; Flavonoids; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hyperglycemia; India; Magnoliopsida; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sulfonic Acids; Thiazoles

The intent of this study was to purify and characterize a polysaccharide named LA from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Pleurotus abalones.. The 120-kDa polysaccharide was obtained by extraction with boiling water, ethanol precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200.. The LA was composed of glucose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, xylose, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 26.3:2.7:1:1.4:1.8:1.2. The FITR and 1H-NMR spectrum of LA disclosed that it was a saccharide with an α-configuration. Its 13C-NMR spectrum revealed that its main chain was [→6)-α-D-Gly(1→]n. The LA exhibited antioxidant activities, especially in scavenging 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals. It manifested antiproliferative activity towards breast cancer MCF7 cells with an IC50 of 3.7 µm, and also exerted some antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells. It manifested a hypoglycemic action on diabetic mice. It inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 8.7 × 10(-2) µm.. The polysaccharide from the abalone mushroom.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Biological Products; Biphenyl Compounds; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Hep G2 Cells; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Liver Neoplasms; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Pleurotus; Polysaccharides; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Series of 3,4- and 3,6-disubstituted chromenones including new chromenone derivatives were synthesized applying various synthetic strategies including Pechmann condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction and Suzuki coupling in very good yields. Synthesized compounds (4a-z) were screened for in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. Majority of compounds displayed varying degrees of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH scavenging activity. Compound 4x emerged as the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in present series of compounds owing to the presence of 3-acetyl-6-(6-methoxy-3-pyridyl) group on chromenone; however, it could not display DPPH scavenging activity and was found to be mixed non-competitive type inhibitor of rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase. When tested in vivo for antihyperglycemic activity in starch loaded Wistar rats, it displayed significant antihyperglycemic property. This is the first report assigning rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitory property for this class of new chromenones and presents new family of compounds possessing alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities and antihyperglycemic property. Compound 4x may serve as an interesting new compound for the development of therapeutics targeted against diet-induced hyperglycemia in diabetes.

Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Benzopyrans; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestines; Male; Picrates; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Traditionally used medicinal plants, herbs and spices in Latin America were investigated to determine their phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibitory potential against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and hypertension. High phenolic and antioxidant activity-containing medicinal plants and spices such as Chancapiedra (Phyllantus niruri L.), Zarzaparrilla (Smilax officinalis), Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguayensis St-Hil), and Huacatay (Tagetes minuta) had the highest anti-hyperglycemia relevant in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with no effect on alpha-amylase. Molle (Schinus molle), Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp), Caigua (Cyclanthera pedata) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) inhibited significantly the hypertension relevant angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). All evaluated pepper (Capsicum) genus exhibited both anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypertension potential. Major phenolic compounds in Matico (Piper angustifolium R.), Guascas (Galinsoga parviflora) and Huacatay were chlorogenic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Therefore, specific medicinal plants, herbs and spices from Latin America have potential for hyperglycemia and hypertension prevention associated with Type 2 diabetes.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Animals; Antioxidants; Beverages; Biphenyl Compounds; Capsicum; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Latin America; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plants, Medicinal; Spices; Sus scrofa