1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and pimagedine

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of mercurius solubilis (merc sol) on scopolamine induced memory deficits and motor coordination in mice.. Three different formulations of merc sol (30X, 200M, 1M) were screened for their in vitro antioxidant potential through DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide scavenging activity using response surface methodology. Memory impairment was induced by the administration of scopolamine (1mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days to mice and assessment of memory acquisition and retention was done using Morris water maze test, passive avoidance test, elevated plus maze test, light and dark box test, motor coordination was evaluated using rotarod test and inclined plan test. The involvement of ion channels and nitric oxide pathway in the observed effect of merc sol was elucidated by administration of veratrine (0.125 μg/kg, i.p.), A23187 (20 μg/kg, i.p.), L- arginine (40 mg/kg, i.p.), aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to merc sol. Acute toxicity studies were performed in accordance with the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines.. In vitro studies have revealed merc sol 30 X to have maximum free radical and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Administration of merc sol 30 X to mice significantly reduced scopolamine induced memory deficits and motor incoordination in all the performance tasks. The calcium ionophore, A23187 significantly altered the effect of merc sol in mice. No major signs of toxicity were observed.. Merc sol has antiamnesic effect in scopolamine induced deficits and motor coordination in mice.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arginine; Avoidance Learning; Biphenyl Compounds; Calcimycin; Cholinergic Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Guanidines; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Mercury; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Picrates; Psychomotor Disorders; Scopolamine

We report here a new class of compounds, quinoline derivatives, as potential inhibitors of in vitro bovine serum albumin-methylglyoxal glycation. Among compounds 1-19, compound 14 was found to be the most active analog with IC₅₀ of 282.98 ± 8.4 µM. Compounds 12 (IC₅₀ = 661.78 ± 8.7 µM) and 15 (IC₅₀ = 629.43 ± 7.85 7 µM) were also identified as modest inhibitors, in comparison to the standard inhibitor, rutin (IC₅₀ = 294.50 ± 1.5 µM). When evaluated for antioxidant activity through in vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay, compounds 3 (IC₅₀ = 2.19 ± 0.27 µM), 6 (IC₅₀ = 7.35 ± 2.27 µM), 11 (IC₅₀ = 8.96 ± 0.56 µM), and 12 (IC₅₀ = 10.11 ± 2.03 µM), and 15 (IC₅₀ = 7.01 ± 3.87 µM) were found to be more active than the standard i.e. gallic acid (IC₅₀ = 23.34 ± 0.43 µM). These compounds were also evaluated for cytotoxicity against rat fibroblast cell line (3T3 cell line). All compounds were found to be non-toxic in cellular model. This study identifies quinoline derivatives as a new class of inhibitors of protein glycation in vitro, along with antioxidant and non-toxic nature. These properties make them interesting leads for further studies as potential anti-diabetic agents.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Cattle; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Glycosylation; Guanidines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice; NIH 3T3 Cells; Picrates; Pyruvaldehyde; Quinolines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rutin; Schiff Bases; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Structure-Activity Relationship

The glycation reaction involves a series of non-enzymatic reactions between the carbonyl group on reducing sugars and the amino group on proteins leading to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are acknowledged to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic and aging-related complications. Consequently, the development of AGE inhibitors is considered to have therapeutic potential in patients with diabetes or age-related diseases. The preliminary results showed that a methanol extract (PAE) of Plantago asiatica, which is traditionally used as a folk medicine in Asian countries to treat fever, cough, wound etc., had strong glycation inhibitory activity. The effects of the extract on AGE fluorescence were dose-dependent, reaching 41% inhibition at 0.1 microg/mL of extract. The purified principle from PAE was identified as plantamajoside. As well as antioxidant activities, in vitro glycation inhibitory activities with 10 and 25 mm plantamajoside were higher than those with 10 and 25 mm aminoguanidine. The results demonstrate that PAE and plantamajoside had significant effects on in vitro AGE formation, and the glycation inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of plantamajoside were comparable to those obtained using millimolar concentrations of the standard antiglycation agent aminoguanidine, and the antioxidant ascorbate, respectively.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biphenyl Compounds; Catechols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Guanidines; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methanol; Phenols; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plantago; Polyphenols