cyadox profile

cyadox: structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	135412736
SCHEMBL ID	1817373
SCHEMBL ID	10793569
MeSH ID	M0074764

ID Source

PubMed CID

135412736

SCHEMBL ID

1817373

SCHEMBL ID

10793569

MeSH ID

M0074764

Synonyms (11)

Synonym
cyadox
acetic acid, cyano-, (2-quinoxalinylmethylene)hydrazide, n,n-dioxide
ciadox
AKOS015917705
65884-46-0
SCHEMBL1817373
SCHEMBL10793569
DTXSID501014550
2-cyano-n-[(e)-(1,4-dioxidoquinoxaline-1,4-diium-2-yl)methylideneamino]acetamide
3-{[(1-hydroxy-4-oxo-4lambda~5~-quinoxalin-2(1h)-ylidene)methyl]diazenyl}-3-oxopropanenitrile
DTXSID10867186

Synonym

cyadox

acetic acid, cyano-, (2-quinoxalinylmethylene)hydrazide, n,n-dioxide

ciadox

AKOS015917705

65884-46-0

SCHEMBL1817373

SCHEMBL10793569

DTXSID501014550

2-cyano-n-[(e)-(1,4-dioxidoquinoxaline-1,4-diium-2-yl)methylideneamino]acetamide

3-{[(1-hydroxy-4-oxo-4lambda~5~-quinoxalin-2(1h)-ylidene)methyl]diazenyl}-3-oxopropanenitrile

DTXSID10867186

Excerpt	Reference
"Cyadox (CYX) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of quinoxaline with much lower toxic effects. "	( Disposition of cyadox in domesticated cats following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration. Chen, D; Hafeez, MA; Huang, L; Sattar, A; Shabbir, MAB; Tahir, AH; Wu, Q; Xie, S; Yuan, Z, 2020)
"Cyadox is a good antimicrobial growth-promoter of quinoxalines. "	( Differentially expressed genes in response to cyadox in swine liver analyzed by DDRT-PCR. Cheng, G; Cui, L; Dai, M; Liu, Z; Lu, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yu, R; Yuan, Z; Zhang, Y, 2018)
"Cyadox is a novel derivative of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides (QdNOs) with the potential to be developed as a feed additive. "	( N-O Reduction and ROS-Mediated AKT/FOXO1 and AKT/P53 Pathways Are Involved in Growth Promotion and Cytotoxicity of Cyadox. Dai, M; Lei, Z; Liu, Q; Liu, S; Sun, Q; Wang, X; Yu, H; Yuan, Z; Zhou, K, 2018)
"Cyadox is a novel quinoxaline drug with antibacterial and growth promotion effects."	( Signaling pathways involved in the expression of SZNF and the target genes binding with SZNF related to cyadox. Cheng, G; Cui, L; Dai, M; Hao, H; Huang, D; Huang, L; Li, D; Liu, Z; Lu, Q; Peng, D; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xing, D; Yuan, Z, 2018)
"Cyadox (CYA) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent, belonging to quinoxaline (QdNO) family. "	( Evaluation of the safety of primary metabolites of cyadox: Acute and sub-chronic toxicology studies and genotoxicity assessment. Chen, D; Cheng, G; Guo, P; Hao, H; Huang, Q; Ihsan, A; Jamil, F; Luo, X; Tao, Y; Wang, X; Yuan, Z, 2016)
"Cyadox (CYX) is an antimicrobial growth-promoter of the quinoxalines. "	( Development of high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of cyadox and its metabolites in plasma and tissues of chicken. Chen, D; Huang, L; Tao, Y; Wang, Y; Yuan, Z, 2008)
"Cyadox is a novel antimicrobial growth-promoter of the quinoxalines. "	( Simultaneous determination of cyadox and its metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Fang, B; He, L; Liu, K; Liu, Y; Su, Y; Zeng, Z; Zhang, G; Zhang, J, 2011)
"Cyadox is a novel quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide with the potential for development as a substitute for the banned veterinary drugs carbadox and olaquindox. "	( The mechanism of enzymatic and non-enzymatic N-oxide reductive metabolism of cyadox in pig liver. Deng, Y; Jiang, J; Ouyang, M; Tang, X; Wang, J; Zheng, M, 2011)
"Cyadox is an antibiotic drug and has the potential to be used as a feedstuff additive in promoting the growth of animals. "	( Metabolic influence of acute cyadox exposure on Kunming mice. Huang, C; Lei, H; Tang, H; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2013)
"Cyadox is a veterinary drug mainly used as an effective antimicrobial promoter in animal husbandry. "	( Experimental evaluation of cyadox phototoxicity to Balb/c mouse skin. Fan, S; Fang, G; He, Q; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Yuan, Z; Zhou, S, 2006)

Excerpt

Reference

"Cyadox (CYX) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of quinoxaline with much lower toxic effects. "

( Disposition of cyadox in domesticated cats following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration.
Chen, D; Hafeez, MA; Huang, L; Sattar, A; Shabbir, MAB; Tahir, AH; Wu, Q; Xie, S; Yuan, Z, 2020)

"Cyadox is a good antimicrobial growth-promoter of quinoxalines. "

( Differentially expressed genes in response to cyadox in swine liver analyzed by DDRT-PCR.
Cheng, G; Cui, L; Dai, M; Liu, Z; Lu, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yu, R; Yuan, Z; Zhang, Y, 2018)

"Cyadox is a novel derivative of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides (QdNOs) with the potential to be developed as a feed additive. "

( N-O Reduction and ROS-Mediated AKT/FOXO1 and AKT/P53 Pathways Are Involved in Growth Promotion and Cytotoxicity of Cyadox.
Dai, M; Lei, Z; Liu, Q; Liu, S; Sun, Q; Wang, X; Yu, H; Yuan, Z; Zhou, K, 2018)

"Cyadox is a novel quinoxaline drug with antibacterial and growth promotion effects."

( Signaling pathways involved in the expression of SZNF and the target genes binding with SZNF related to cyadox.
Cheng, G; Cui, L; Dai, M; Hao, H; Huang, D; Huang, L; Li, D; Liu, Z; Lu, Q; Peng, D; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xing, D; Yuan, Z, 2018)

"Cyadox (CYA) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent, belonging to quinoxaline (QdNO) family. "

( Evaluation of the safety of primary metabolites of cyadox: Acute and sub-chronic toxicology studies and genotoxicity assessment.
Chen, D; Cheng, G; Guo, P; Hao, H; Huang, Q; Ihsan, A; Jamil, F; Luo, X; Tao, Y; Wang, X; Yuan, Z, 2016)

"Cyadox (CYX) is an antimicrobial growth-promoter of the quinoxalines. "

( Development of high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of cyadox and its metabolites in plasma and tissues of chicken.
Chen, D; Huang, L; Tao, Y; Wang, Y; Yuan, Z, 2008)

"Cyadox is a novel antimicrobial growth-promoter of the quinoxalines. "

( Simultaneous determination of cyadox and its metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Fang, B; He, L; Liu, K; Liu, Y; Su, Y; Zeng, Z; Zhang, G; Zhang, J, 2011)

"Cyadox is a novel quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide with the potential for development as a substitute for the banned veterinary drugs carbadox and olaquindox. "

( The mechanism of enzymatic and non-enzymatic N-oxide reductive metabolism of cyadox in pig liver.
Deng, Y; Jiang, J; Ouyang, M; Tang, X; Wang, J; Zheng, M, 2011)

"Cyadox is an antibiotic drug and has the potential to be used as a feedstuff additive in promoting the growth of animals. "

( Metabolic influence of acute cyadox exposure on Kunming mice.
Huang, C; Lei, H; Tang, H; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2013)

"Cyadox is a veterinary drug mainly used as an effective antimicrobial promoter in animal husbandry. "

( Experimental evaluation of cyadox phototoxicity to Balb/c mouse skin.
Fan, S; Fang, G; He, Q; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Yuan, Z; Zhou, S, 2006)

Excerpt	Reference
" The relatively new QdNOs, cyadox (CYA), mequindox (MEQ), quinocetone (QCT) and their metabolites, were selected for elucidation of their toxic mechanisms in H295R cells."	( High risk of adrenal toxicity of N1-desoxy quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives and the protection of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in the inhibition of the expression of aldosterone synthetase in H295R cells. Chen, D; Cheng, G; Dai, M; Guo, P; Ihsan, A; Liu, Z; Luo, X; Wang, X; Yang, C; Yuan, Z, 2016)
" However, the pharmacological and toxicological bioactive molecules of cyadox and the molecular mechanism of its pharmacological and toxic actions remain unclear."	( N-O Reduction and ROS-Mediated AKT/FOXO1 and AKT/P53 Pathways Are Involved in Growth Promotion and Cytotoxicity of Cyadox. Dai, M; Lei, Z; Liu, Q; Liu, S; Sun, Q; Wang, X; Yu, H; Yuan, Z; Zhou, K, 2018)

Excerpt

Reference

" The relatively new QdNOs, cyadox (CYA), mequindox (MEQ), quinocetone (QCT) and their metabolites, were selected for elucidation of their toxic mechanisms in H295R cells."

( High risk of adrenal toxicity of N1-desoxy quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives and the protection of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in the inhibition of the expression of aldosterone synthetase in H295R cells.
Chen, D; Cheng, G; Dai, M; Guo, P; Ihsan, A; Liu, Z; Luo, X; Wang, X; Yang, C; Yuan, Z, 2016)

" However, the pharmacological and toxicological bioactive molecules of cyadox and the molecular mechanism of its pharmacological and toxic actions remain unclear."

Excerpt	Reference
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are powerful tools to predict tissue distribution and depletion of veterinary drugs in food animals."	( Estimation of residue depletion of cyadox and its marker residue in edible tissues of pigs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Gehring, R; Huang, L; Lin, Z; Riviere, JE; Yuan, Z; Zhou, X; Zhu, M, 2015)
" The terminal half-life and mean resident time of Cyx nanosuspension had also increased compared to normal Cyx suspension."	( Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of cyadox nanosuspension. Chen, D; Huang, L; Jiang, L; Liu, Z; Pan, Y; Sattar, A; Tao, Y; Xie, S; Yuan, Z, 2017)

Excerpt

Reference

"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are powerful tools to predict tissue distribution and depletion of veterinary drugs in food animals."

( Estimation of residue depletion of cyadox and its marker residue in edible tissues of pigs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.
Gehring, R; Huang, L; Lin, Z; Riviere, JE; Yuan, Z; Zhou, X; Zhu, M, 2015)

" The terminal half-life and mean resident time of Cyx nanosuspension had also increased compared to normal Cyx suspension."

( Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of cyadox nanosuspension.
Chen, D; Huang, L; Jiang, L; Liu, Z; Pan, Y; Sattar, A; Tao, Y; Xie, S; Yuan, Z, 2017)

Excerpt	Reference
" The metabolites of CYX were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-ITTOF)."	( Metabolism of cyadox by the intestinal mucosa microsomes and gut flora of swine, and identification of metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chen, D; Huang, L; Liu, Z; Pan, Y; Peng, D; Tao, Y; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, N; Yuan, Zh, 2011)

Excerpt

Reference

" The metabolites of CYX were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-ITTOF)."

( Metabolism of cyadox by the intestinal mucosa microsomes and gut flora of swine, and identification of metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Chen, D; Huang, L; Liu, Z; Pan, Y; Peng, D; Tao, Y; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, N; Yuan, Zh, 2011)

Excerpt	Reference
"An increase in number of newly developed synthetic drugs displays bioavailability constraints because of poor water solubility."	( Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of cyadox nanosuspension. Chen, D; Huang, L; Jiang, L; Liu, Z; Pan, Y; Sattar, A; Tao, Y; Xie, S; Yuan, Z, 2017)

Excerpt

Reference

"An increase in number of newly developed synthetic drugs displays bioavailability constraints because of poor water solubility."

( Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of cyadox nanosuspension.
Chen, D; Huang, L; Jiang, L; Liu, Z; Pan, Y; Sattar, A; Tao, Y; Xie, S; Yuan, Z, 2017)

Excerpt	Reference
" In the olaquindox groups only the 200 ppm dosage showed a consistent decrease to hyponatraemic levels from four weeks treatment."	( Comparative study of the effect of the effect of carbadox, olaquindox and cyadox on aldosterone, sodium and potassium plasma levels in weaned pigs. Baars, AJ; de Graaf, GJ; Jager, LP; van der Molen, EJ, 1989)
" The effect of cyadox was very low even at the highest dosage tested."	( Cytogenetic effects of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide-type growth-promoting agents. I. Micronucleus test in rats. Cihák, R; Srb, V, 1983)
"Cyadox groups (200, 50 and 10 mg/kg) with irradiation had erythema and oedema of auricular skin with dose-response relationship, which gradually convalesced after dosing and irradiation ceased."	( Experimental evaluation of cyadox phototoxicity to Balb/c mouse skin. Fan, S; Fang, G; He, Q; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Yuan, Z; Zhou, S, 2006)
" Thirty-five healthy adult pigs were randomly divided into seven groups and orally treated with Cyx at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight for five consecutive days."	( Tissue deposition and residue depletion of cyadox and its three major metabolites in pigs after oral administration. Ding, H; Fang, B; Gu, X; Li, Y; Yang, F; Zeng, Z; Zhang, B; Zhao, N, 2013)
" The model was calibrated with the reported pharmacokinetic and residue depletion data from pigs dosed by oral gavage with CYA for five consecutive days, and then extrapolated to exposure in feed for two months."	( Estimation of residue depletion of cyadox and its marker residue in edible tissues of pigs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Gehring, R; Huang, L; Lin, Z; Riviere, JE; Yuan, Z; Zhou, X; Zhu, M, 2015)
"In this study, the dosage regimen establishment of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S."	( Dosage Regimen Formulation and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Cyadox Nanosuspension Against Dairy Cow Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Chen, D; Liu, S; Liu, Z; Meng, K; Pan, Y; Qu, W; Xie, S; Yue, T, 2021)
" aureus isolates from dairy cows were firstly estimated and then the dosing regimen of nanosuspension after intramammary administration was optimized according to the model of ex vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD)."	( Dosage Regimen Formulation and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Cyadox Nanosuspension Against Dairy Cow Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Chen, D; Liu, S; Liu, Z; Meng, K; Pan, Y; Qu, W; Xie, S; Yue, T, 2021)
" This study will be helpful for providing reference for nanocrystal preparation dosage regimen formulation."	( Dosage Regimen Formulation and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Cyadox Nanosuspension Against Dairy Cow Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Chen, D; Liu, S; Liu, Z; Meng, K; Pan, Y; Qu, W; Xie, S; Yue, T, 2021)
" Different dosage of the CYX and its metabolites had no significant effect on wash-out period."	( Pharmacokinetics of cyadox and its main metabolites in rats, pigs, chickens, and carps following oral administration at three dosage. Fu, S; Harnud, S; Huang, L; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Zhang, A, 2021)
" One single acute dosage over 7-day course and one subchronic 90-day dietary ingestion of cyadox intervention were conducted on the Wistar rats separately."	( Acute and subchronic exposure of cyadox induced metabolic and transcriptomic disturbances in Wistar rats. Huang, C; Lei, H; Liu, C; Wang, Y, 2022)

Excerpt

Reference

" In the olaquindox groups only the 200 ppm dosage showed a consistent decrease to hyponatraemic levels from four weeks treatment."

( Comparative study of the effect of the effect of carbadox, olaquindox and cyadox on aldosterone, sodium and potassium plasma levels in weaned pigs.
Baars, AJ; de Graaf, GJ; Jager, LP; van der Molen, EJ, 1989)

" The effect of cyadox was very low even at the highest dosage tested."

( Cytogenetic effects of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide-type growth-promoting agents. I. Micronucleus test in rats.
Cihák, R; Srb, V, 1983)

"Cyadox groups (200, 50 and 10 mg/kg) with irradiation had erythema and oedema of auricular skin with dose-response relationship, which gradually convalesced after dosing and irradiation ceased."

( Experimental evaluation of cyadox phototoxicity to Balb/c mouse skin.
Fan, S; Fang, G; He, Q; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Yuan, Z; Zhou, S, 2006)

" Thirty-five healthy adult pigs were randomly divided into seven groups and orally treated with Cyx at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight for five consecutive days."

( Tissue deposition and residue depletion of cyadox and its three major metabolites in pigs after oral administration.
Ding, H; Fang, B; Gu, X; Li, Y; Yang, F; Zeng, Z; Zhang, B; Zhao, N, 2013)

" The model was calibrated with the reported pharmacokinetic and residue depletion data from pigs dosed by oral gavage with CYA for five consecutive days, and then extrapolated to exposure in feed for two months."

"In this study, the dosage regimen establishment of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S."

( Dosage Regimen Formulation and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Cyadox Nanosuspension Against Dairy Cow Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Chen, D; Liu, S; Liu, Z; Meng, K; Pan, Y; Qu, W; Xie, S; Yue, T, 2021)

" aureus isolates from dairy cows were firstly estimated and then the dosing regimen of nanosuspension after intramammary administration was optimized according to the model of ex vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD)."

" This study will be helpful for providing reference for nanocrystal preparation dosage regimen formulation."

" Different dosage of the CYX and its metabolites had no significant effect on wash-out period."

( Pharmacokinetics of cyadox and its main metabolites in rats, pigs, chickens, and carps following oral administration at three dosage.
Fu, S; Harnud, S; Huang, L; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Zhang, A, 2021)

" One single acute dosage over 7-day course and one subchronic 90-day dietary ingestion of cyadox intervention were conducted on the Wistar rats separately."

( Acute and subchronic exposure of cyadox induced metabolic and transcriptomic disturbances in Wistar rats.
Huang, C; Lei, H; Liu, C; Wang, Y, 2022)

Research

Studies (56)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (17.86)	18.7374
1990's	3 (5.36)	18.2507
2000's	8 (14.29)	29.6817
2010's	30 (53.57)	24.3611
2020's	5 (8.93)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe

Studies, This Drug (%)

All Drugs %

pre-1990

10 (17.86)

18.7374

1990's

3 (5.36)

18.2507

2000's

8 (14.29)

29.6817

2010's

30 (53.57)

24.3611

2020's

5 (8.93)

2.80

[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	3 (5.17%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (1.72%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	54 (93.10%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type

This drug (%)

All Drugs (%)

Trials

3 (5.17%)

5.53%

Reviews

1 (1.72%)

6.00%

Case Studies

0 (0.00%)

4.05%

Observational

0 (0.00%)

0.25%

Other

54 (93.10%)

84.16%

[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.08	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
dimethylamine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.08	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
aldosterone [no description available]	7.42	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	8.79	56	3	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
acrolein [no description available]	2.15	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.15	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	1.97	1	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure	6.69	17	1	quinoxaline derivative
quindoxin quindoxin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #702	7.68	3	0	quinoxaline derivative
quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	3.85	2	1
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.13	1	0	proanthocyanidin
mequindox Mequindox: a synthetic quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivative which can effectively improve growth and feed efficiency in animals; structure in first source	9.1	4	0
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.15	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	7.15	1	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.15	1	0	stilbene
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.15	1	0
quinocetone quinocetone: structure in first source	3.89	3	0
nitrovin Nitrovin: An antibacterial growth promoter used in animal feeds.	2.66	3	0	C-nitro compound; furans
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	7.66	3	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.61	2	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.17	1	0
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	4.69	9	0	quinoxaline derivative

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.31	1
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	7.31	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.31	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.21	1
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	2.21	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.21	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.51	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.98	4
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.13	1
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.13	1
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	2.13	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.15	1
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.15	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.06	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.06	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.67	3
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.02	1
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.03	1
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.4	2
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	1.96	1
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	1.97	1
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	1.97	1
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	1.97	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.97	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	1.97	1

cyadox

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (11)

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Overview

Toxicity

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Compound-Compound Interactions

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Dosage Studied

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Studies (56)

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cyadox

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (11)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (56)

Study Types

Related Drugs (25)

Related Conditions (25)