1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Acne-Vulgaris

The ethanol extracts of mangosteen fruit rinds prepared by several extraction methods were examined for their contents of bioactive compounds, DPPH-scavenging activity, and anti-acne producing bacteria against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The dried powder of the fruit rind was extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and extraction using a magnetic stirrer. Soxhlet extraction promoted the maximum contents of crude extract (26.60% dry weight) and alpha-mangostin (13.51%, w/w of crude extract), and also gave the highest anti-acne activity with MIC 7.81 and 15.63 microg/mL and MBC 15.53 and 31.25 microg/mL against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, respectively. Ethanol 70% and 50% (v/v) were also compared in Soxhlet extraction. Ethanol 50% promoted the extract with maximum amounts of total phenolic compounds (26.96 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g extract) and total tannins (46.83 g tannic acid equivalents/100 g extract), and also exhibited the most effective DPPH-scavenging activity (EC(50) 12.84 microg/mL). Considering various factors involved in the process, Soxhlet extraction carried a low cost in terms of reagents and extraction time. It appears to be the recommended extraction method for mangosteen fruit rind. Ethanol 50% should be the appropriate solvent for extracting free radical-scavenging components, phenolic compounds, and tannins, while 95% ethanol is recommended for extraction of alpha-mangostin, a major anti-acne component from this plant.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Garcinia mangostana; Medicine, Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Solvents; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tannins; Xanthones

Seven naturally derived components from hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts were tested for evaluation of biological activities affecting acne vulgaris. Five strains, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila and, Staphylococcus pyogenes, were selected as the main acne-causing bacteria. Hop extracts xanthohumol and the lupulones showed strong inhibitory activities against all of the strains. Although hydrogenated derivatives did not show the same level of activity, naturally occurring xanthohumol, humulones, and lupulones all showed moderate to strong anticollagenase inhibitory activities. Antioxidant capacity was also evaluated with seven different methods based on different reactive oxygen species. Xanthohumol showed the highest activity in total oxygen radical absorbance capacity as well as singlet oxygen absorbance capacity.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biphenyl Compounds; Cyclohexenes; Flavonoids; Humans; Humulus; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Propiophenones; Staphylococcus; Terpenes

The present study was aimed to investigate the activity of Thai medicinal plants on inflammation caused by Propionibacterium acnes in terms of free radical scavenging and cytokine reducing properties. P. acnes have been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH scavenging and NBT reduction assay. The result showed that Garcinia mangostana possessed the most significant antioxidant activity and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Houttuynia cordata, Eupatorium odoratum, and Senna alata had a moderate antioxidant effect. In addition, Garcinia mangostana extracts could reduce the TNF-alpha production as determined by ELISA. Garcinia mangostana was highly effective in scavenging free radicals and was able to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study has identified the promising source of anti-inflammatory agent which could be useful in treatment of acne vulgaris.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Garcinia mangostana; Humans; Inflammation; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha