1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Arthritis--Rheumatoid

Synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles were followed by their toxicity analysis on healthy mice. Subsequently, anti-arthritic efficacy of two doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of synthesized selenium nanoparticles was checked on arthritic mice using multiple parameters.. Selenium nanoparticles in 10 mg/kg dose turned out to be more effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as evident by significant reduction in paw volume and normal clinical chemistry parameters of treated arthritic mice. This dose also showed significant antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.

Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biphenyl Compounds; Catalase; Female; Foeniculum; Free Radical Scavengers; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanoparticles; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Selenium; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spleen; X-Ray Diffraction

A preparative separation method using macroporous absorptive resin coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the separation of six fractions of the 80% ethanol extract of Periploca forrestii Schltr. The six ethanol fractions (5-95; A, B, C, D, E, and F) obtained were carefully analyzed to locate the corresponding peaks in the high-performance liquid chromatography chromatogram of the total extract, which was established in a previous study. Furthermore, the biological activities, including antioxidant activities, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory capacities, antihyaluronidase activities, and anti-inflammatory effects, were evaluated in MH7A cells. The results demonstrated that fraction E could significantly prevent oxidation and inhibit hyaluronidase and acetyl cholinesterase. Finally, the main flavonoids in fractions A and E from P. forrestii Schltr. were purified, and the compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, and quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The chemical structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these compounds against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced secondary immune arthritis in rats were evaluated.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Freund's Adjuvant; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Particle Size; Periploca; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Porosity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resins, Plant; Surface Properties

The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritic activity of four flavonoids from Daphne genkwa (FFD) in vivo and in vitro. Flavonoids of D. genkwa were extracted by refluxing with ethanol and purified by polyamide resin. An in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema model, tampon-granuloma model and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis mouse model were used to evaluate the anti-rheumatoid arthritic activities of FFD. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) release and neutral red uptake (NRU) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. In addition, antioxidant effect of FFD was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. A high dose of FFD significantly reduced the degree of acute inflammatory paw edema in mice as a response to carrageenan administration (p<0.01). FFD displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of granuloma formation in mice (p<0.05). FFD also inhibited chronic inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats when administered orally at the dose of 50mg/kg/day (p<0.001). In addition, FFD suppressed the production of NO and exhibited immunoregulatory function in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-related manner. Simultaneously, FFD revealed conspicuous antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 18.20μg/ml. FFD possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which could be a potential therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biphenyl Compounds; Carrageenan; Daphne; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Female; Flavonoids; Freund's Adjuvant; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats

Recent evidence suggests that high concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) are thought to increase the apoptosis in osteoblasts and bone resorption and may have important roles in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast metabolism, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of soybean ethanol extract on the scavenging properties using DPPH and the TNF-alpha and NO production of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The soy extract and its fractions according to polarity displayed a strong free radical scavenger activity at 0.01 approximately 0.1g/L, except for aquous fraction which had no significant effect on the function of MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05). TNF-alpha secretion by MC3T3-E1 cells was reduced significantly when stimulated with soy extract (0.05 g/L). Nitrite accumulation in culture medium and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells were induced by the addition of 10(-10) M TNF-alpha, and inhibited by the simultaneous addition of soy extract (0.05g/L).

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Apoptosis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biphenyl Compounds; Free Radical Scavengers; Glycine max; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Osteoblasts; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha