akebia saponin d profile

akebia saponin D: isolated from Dipsacus asper; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

akebia saponin D : A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage and a 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via an ester linkage. It is the active ingredient found in the traditional Chinese herb Radix Dipsaci. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Dipsacus	genus	[no description available]	Caprifoliaceae	A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	126956703
MeSH ID	M0528041

Synonym
akebia saponin d
S5455
39524-08-8
akebia saponin d, >=98% (hplc)
CCG-270580

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of asperosaponin VI."	( Determination of asperosaponin VI in rat plasma by HPLC-ESI-MS and its application to preliminary pharmacokinetic studies. Ding, L; Hu, YZ; Li, K; Li, P; Liu, EH; Qi, LW; Yang, ZL, 2010)	0.36
"15-700 ng/mL and was successfully applied to a pilot pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs."	( Determination of asperosaponin VI in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study. Ding, L; Du, XL; Qi, XM; Shakya, S; Yang, XL; Yang, ZL; Zhu, H, 2012)	0.38
" A-VI and M1 concentrations in plasma, bile, urine and feces were determined by established LC-MS/MS to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters."	( [Study on pharmacokinetics of asperosaponin VI and its active metabolite in rats]. Cheng, L; Ding, L; Liu, RJ; Shakya, S; Yang, ZL; Zhu, H, 2013)	0.39
" Consequently, the validated method could be successfully and precisely applied to the pharmacokinetic study of asperosaponin VI and its metabolites."	( Pharmacokinetics study of asperosaponin VI and its metabolites cauloside A, HN saponin F and hederagenin. Chang, YX; Gao, XM; Han, LF; Huo, Y; Liu, EW; Wang, JL; Wang, L; Wang, T, 2014)	0.4
" The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of the twenty-one prototypes at pharmacodynamic doses (0."	( Simultaneous determination of multiple components in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic studies at a pharmacodynamic dose of Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule by UPLC-MS/MS. Dai, Y; Dai, ZQ; Gao, MX; Tang, XY; Wu, QC; Xiao, HH; Yao, XS; Yao, ZH; Zeng, JX, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To more comprehensively evaluate the quality of wine-fried Dipsaci Radix, HPLC fingerprint combined with content of asperosaponin VI and AA may be a reasonable and practical approach."	( Chromatographic fingerprint combined with content of asperosaponin VI and antioxidant activity for quality evaluation of wine-fried Dipsaci Radix. Chu, G; Duan, X; Li, Z; Liu, X; Nie, L; Song, L; Wang, S, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However, the low bioavailability of ASD limited its clinical utility."	( Microcrystalline preparation of akebia saponin D for its bioavailability enhancement in rats. Ding, G; Huang, WZ; Wang, QH; Wang, ZZ; Xiao, W; Yang, XL; Yang, ZL; Zhang, CF, 2015)	0.42

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (3.45)	29.6817
2010's	39 (67.24)	24.3611
2020's	17 (29.31)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	58 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	7.07	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.97	1	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.05	1	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
corticosterone [no description available]	7.17	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.25	1	psoralens	plant metabolite
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	2.15	1
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.1	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
oleanolic acid [no description available]	3.17	5	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.25	1	furanocoumarin
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.07	1	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hederagenin [no description available]	3.17	5	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin	plant metabolite
magnoflorine magnoflorine: opium alkaloid having the aporphine configuration; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer; structure. (S)-magnoflorine : An aporphine alkaloid that is (S)-corytuberine in which the nitrogen has been quaternised by an additional methyl group.	2.25	1	aporphine alkaloid; quaternary ammonium ion	plant metabolite
loganin [no description available]	2.15	1	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
loganic acid loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively	2.15	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclopentapyran; glucoside	plant metabolite
sweroside [no description available]	2.25	1	glycoside
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.97	1	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
3-o-(alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl)hederagenin Akebia saponin PA: isolated from Dipsacus asperoides; structure in first source. hederagenin 3-O-arabinoside : A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.1	1	alpha-L-arabinopyranoside; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monosaccharide derivative; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triterpenoid saponin	plant metabolite
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.15	1
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.15	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.1	1
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.97	1
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.41	1	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
epimedin c epimedin C: structure given in first source; from Epimedium sp.	2.25	1	flavonoids; glycoside
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.15	1
beta-escin [no description available]	6.35	54
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.13	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.72	2
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.32	5
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	8.32	5
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.6	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.63	2
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.63	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.14	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.14	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.14	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	8.14	1
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	2.6	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.6	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.63	2
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.6	1
Sterility, Male [description not available]	3.14	1
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	3.14	1
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.63	2
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.25	1
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.25	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.25	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.25	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.25	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.25	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.25	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	7.25	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.25	1
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.25	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.31	1
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	7.31	1
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.17	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.17	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.49	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.26	6
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.17	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.49	2
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.17	1
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.17	1
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.17	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.21	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.21	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.21	1
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.21	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.21	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	7.21	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.21	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.21	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.21	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.1	1
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.13	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.13	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.47	2
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.46	2
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.47	2
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.46	2
Segond Fracture [description not available]	2.97	1
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	2.97	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.07	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.07	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.07	1
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.48	2

akebia saponin d

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (5)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Research

Studies (58)

Study Types