1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and mangostin

Techno-biofunctional characteristics of nanoemulsion and (nano)emulgel loaded with mangostin extracts were elucidated. Crude mangostins from mangosteen peels recovered by virgin coconut oil (VCO), mixed VCO and propylene glycol (PG), and pure PG were used. The extracts were loaded in the dispersed phase in the presence of mixed surfactants (Tween20/Span20) with a varying hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) from 10.2 to 15.1. Results showed that globular and uniformly distributed droplets of the nanoemulsion were observed. The small particle sizes (typically 18-62 nm) with the zeta potential of -39 to -54.5 mV were obtained when mixed emulsifiers with HLB values of 12.6 and 15.1 were employed. With HLB values of 12.6 and 15.1, nanoemulsions loaded with mangostin extracts prepared with mixed VCO-PG and pure PG-based extracts showed approximately a 2 to 3-fold lower droplet size diameter when compared with the VCO-based extract. For the stability test, all nanoemulsions were stable over three freeze-thaw cycles with some changes in pH, zeta potential, and droplet size. The DPPH● scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity, reducing power and antibacterial activities (E. coli and S. aureus) of the nanoemulsions were greater than their corresponding bulk extracts. Nanoemulgels produced by embedding the nanoemulsions in a hydrogel matrix was homogeneous and creamy yellow-white in appearance. The nanoemulgels had a higher mangostin release (87-92%) than their normal emulgels (74-78%). Therefore, this study presented the feasibility of nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels loaded with mangostin extracts as a promising delivery system for bioactive polyphenol in food supplements, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Coconut Oil; Emulsions; Escherichia coli; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Nanoparticles; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Propylene Glycol; Staphylococcus aureus; Xanthones

Liver cancer is one of the highest rate diseases in southeastern Asia. Recently, many of functional foods and alternative medicines are very popularly utilized to prevent chronic diseases and cancer in Taiwan. In this study, we wanted to select and develop some of novel effectual agents or phytochemicals of γ-mangostin for clinical management or prevent hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC).. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is an autocatalytic mechanism which induced tissue injure and carcinogenesis. In this study, the inhibitory activity of γ-mangostin on oxidative damage induced rat mitochondria LPO, the free radical scavenging of γ-mangostin and the apoptotic effects of γ-mangostin on HepG2 cells were investigated.. γ-Mangostin processed activity to inhibit LPO and scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. γ-Mangostin showed antiproliferative activity and induced nuclear condensation and apoptotic bodies appearance under Giemsa staining by microscopic observation. In addition, γ-mangostin showed increases of hypodiploid cells via propidium iodide, 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, and 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide staining by flow cytometry analysis in HepG2 cells.. γ-Mangostin has demonstrated free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells. The proof suggests that γ-mangostin is a lead compound candidate for clinical management or prevent HCC.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Biphenyl Compounds; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Nucleus; Fruit; Garcinia mangostana; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Xanthones

The ethanol extracts of mangosteen fruit rinds prepared by several extraction methods were examined for their contents of bioactive compounds, DPPH-scavenging activity, and anti-acne producing bacteria against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The dried powder of the fruit rind was extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and extraction using a magnetic stirrer. Soxhlet extraction promoted the maximum contents of crude extract (26.60% dry weight) and alpha-mangostin (13.51%, w/w of crude extract), and also gave the highest anti-acne activity with MIC 7.81 and 15.63 microg/mL and MBC 15.53 and 31.25 microg/mL against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, respectively. Ethanol 70% and 50% (v/v) were also compared in Soxhlet extraction. Ethanol 50% promoted the extract with maximum amounts of total phenolic compounds (26.96 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g extract) and total tannins (46.83 g tannic acid equivalents/100 g extract), and also exhibited the most effective DPPH-scavenging activity (EC(50) 12.84 microg/mL). Considering various factors involved in the process, Soxhlet extraction carried a low cost in terms of reagents and extraction time. It appears to be the recommended extraction method for mangosteen fruit rind. Ethanol 50% should be the appropriate solvent for extracting free radical-scavenging components, phenolic compounds, and tannins, while 95% ethanol is recommended for extraction of alpha-mangostin, a major anti-acne component from this plant.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Garcinia mangostana; Medicine, Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Solvents; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tannins; Xanthones