1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Neurodegenerative-Diseases

Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of brain cell death in neurological disorders. The use of natural antioxidants to maintain redox homeostasis contributes to alleviating neurodegeneration. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in many brain functions. However, excessive glutamate release induces excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, leading to programmed cell death. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of osmundacetone (OAC), isolated from

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Biphenyl Compounds; Calcium; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chromatin; Embryophyta; Free Radical Scavengers; Glutamic Acid; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hippocampus; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Ketones; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Phosphorylation; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reactive Oxygen Species

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitric Oxide; Picrates; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptamines

This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of juçara fruit extracts against glutamate-induced oxytosis in HT22 cells. Potential relationships between the extracts' polyphenolic composition and their protective/antioxidant capacities were also investigated. Experiments with the addition of either the crude methanolic extract or hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions 24 h before glutamate (pretreatment) and together with glutamate (co-treatment) were performed. At the concentration of 10 μg ml

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Euterpe; Ferroptosis; Fruit; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Mice; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a substantial decrease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neurological deterioration during PD can be, in part, attributed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Radical scavengers have previously been shown to protect dopaminergic cells from toxic effects in vitro. Hence, new approaches need to be investigated to improve the administration of antioxidants in order to provide neuroprotection. Polymers exhibiting catechol structures offer one such approach due to their interesting physicochemical properties. In the present study a photocrosslinkable dopamine-containing poly(β-amino ester) (DPAE) was synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and dopamine hydrochloride using Michael type addition. A water-in-oil emulsion technique was used to photo-crosslink the polymer into spherical microparticles. DPAE microspheres featured excellent scavenging properties towards 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a dose dependent manner and could even reduce the dissolved oxygen content of physiological solution. Furthermore, the concentrations required for radical scavenging were shown to be non-toxic towards dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells as well as primary astrocytes and primary embryonic rat ventral midbrain cultures.

Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Dopamine; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Picrates; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species

Two novel derivatives of carnosine--(S)-trolox-L-carnosine (STC) and (R)-trolox-L-carnosine (RTC) are characterized in terms of their antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing activities as well as their resistance to serum carnosinase. STC and RTC were synthesized by N-acylation of L-carnosine with (S)- and (R)-trolox, respectively. STC and RTC were found to react more efficiently with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and protect serum lipoproteins from Fe(2+)-induced oxidation more successfully than carnosine and trolox. At the same time, STC, RTC and trolox suppressed oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) less efficiently than carnosine taken in the same concentration. When oxidative stress was induced in suspension of cerebellum granule cells by their incubation with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), both STC and RTC more efficiently decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than carnosine and trolox. Both STC and RTC were resistant toward hydrolytic degradation by human serum carnosinase. STC and RTC were concluded to demonstrate higher antioxidant capacity and better ability to prevent cerebellar neurons from ROS accumulation than their precursors, carnosine and trolox.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Carnosine; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellar Cortex; Chromans; Dipeptidases; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Molecular Structure; N-Methylaspartate; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurons; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species