1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and pyridine

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CP) was extracted, purified and modified by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to obtain a sulfated CP (sCP). Their antioxidative activities in vitro were compared through the free radical-scavenging test. The results demonstrated that the scavenging capabilities of sCP were significantly stronger than those of CP. In vivo test, the mice hepatic injury model was prepared by BCG/LPS method, then administrated respectively with sCP and CP at three dosages, the biochemical indexes in serum, antioxidative indexes in liver homogenate and histopathological change in liver of the mice were compared. The results showed that in high (200mg/kg) and middle (150mg/kg) dosages of sCP groups, the contents of ALT, AST and TNF-α in serum and MDA in liver homogenate were significantly lower than those in the model group and numerically lower than those in the CP groups, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver homogenate were significantly higher than those in the model group and numerically higher than those in the CP groups. In the model group there were obvious pathological changes in the liver, while in the sCP groups were near normal. These results indicate that sCP and CP possess antioxidative activity in vitro and in vivo, the activity of sCP is stronger than that of CP and sulfation modification can enhance the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Codonopsis; Female; Hydroxyl Radical; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Mice, Inbred ICR; Picrates; Polysaccharides; Protective Agents; Pyridines; Sulfonic Acids; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Reaction of benzosuberone 1 with dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) gives 2-dimethylamino-methylenebenozosuberone 2 which in turn reacts with heterocyclic amines to furnish new heterocyclic ring systems 6-9. Moreover, enaminone 2 reacts with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to afford the corresponding benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole (10) and benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[2,1-d]isoxazole (12), respectively. In addition, the reactions of enaminone 2 with active methylene compounds afforded benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridines (13-18). The X-ray crystallographic analysis of compounds 6 and 16, were recorded. We demonstrated the ability of nine new synthesized compounds to inhibit Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) due to structural similarity between ribavirin and some of the newly synthesized compounds were they contain triazoles and its bioisosters. In addition, the ability of ten synthesized compounds to react with the biologically relevant reactive nitrogen species, peroxynitrite was investigated indirectly by measurement of their ability to inhibit ONOO(-)-induced tyrosine nitration. The antioxidant activity of these ten compounds was also studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antiviral Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Cricetinae; Hepacivirus; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peroxynitrous Acid; Picrates; Pyridines; Replicon; Viral Nonstructural Proteins