1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Hyperlipidemias

Three novel low molecular weight polysaccharides (RLP-1a, RLP-2a, and RLP-3a) with 9004, 8761, and 7571 Da were first obtained by purifying the crude polysaccharides from the fruits of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Catalase; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, High-Fat; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Fruit; Glutathione Reductase; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Male; Molecular Weight; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Rats; Rosa; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Triglycerides

In this study, catechin (CTN) isolated from

Topics: alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Catechin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Elaeagnaceae; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Fruit; Glyburide; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kidney; Lipid Peroxides; Lipids; Malondialdehyde; Phenol; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptozocin; Sulfonic Acids

.This study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of volatile oils from Michelia martini Levl. The antioxidant property of volatile oils from Michelia martini in vitro was investigated by establishment of various systems. High fat diet induced rats were used to assess the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of Michelia martini volatile oils in vivo. The level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in serum, and the activities of catalase, malondialdehyde, super oxide dismutase and glutathione in liver of rats were assayed by standard procedures. Our results showed that Michelia martini exhibits strong hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities both in vitro and vivo. Our data were also supplemented with histopathological studies on liver tissues and aorta sections of rats.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Diet, High-Fat; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipids; Magnoliaceae; Male; Oils, Volatile; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

We investigated the effect of the culinary-medicinal mushroom Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 on oxidative damage in the liver and brain and a high-fat/high-cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic model. In in vitro studies, the water extracts of the fruiting bodies showed strong scavenging activities of DPPH (139.46 ± 3.2 μg) and hydroxyl (139.46 ± 3.2 μg) radicals. Moreover, the extracts showed Fe2+ chelating and reducing abilities, as well as a large amount of polyphenols and an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in the liver and brain tissues. The rats were fed a pellet diet (7.5 g/rat/day) containing P. eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (PD) for 3 weeks. In the high-fat/high-cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rat model, administration of PD caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of serum triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PD administration significantly decreased high-fat/high-cholesterol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Treatment with the extracts (up to 500 μg/mL) did not significantly affect the viability of HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Our findings suggest that this mushroom has potential as an antiatherogenic dietary source in the development of therapeutic agents and functional foods.

Topics: Agaricales; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipoproteins; Picrates; Pleurotus; Rats; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides

Hyperlipidaemia is the major risk factor contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, fatty liver and cerebrovascular disease. Pleurotus eryngii (P. eryngii) is rich in biologically active components, especially polysaccharides that exhibit various biological activities, including reducing blood lipids. In the present study, three novel polysaccharide types, including exopolysaccharides (EPS), enzymatic EPS (EEPS) and acidic EPS (AEPS) were isolated, and the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects were investigated to better understand possible hypolipidaemic mechanisms and their hepatoprotective effects.. The EPS was hydrolysed by snailase (dissolved in 1% acetic acid, pH = 6) and H. Supplementation of EPS, EEPS and AEPS could significantly improve blood lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), hepatic enzyme activities (ALP, ALT, and AST) and antioxidant status (GSH-Px, SOD, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). In addition, histopathological observations indicated that these polysaccharides had potential effects in attenuating hepatocyte damage.. These results demonstrated that both EPS and its hydrolysates EEPS and AEPS might effectively reduce serum lipid levels and protect against high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemia, indicating that they could be used as functional foods and natural hepatoprotectants.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biological Products; Biphenyl Compounds; Catalase; Diet, High-Fat; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hydrolysis; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Pleurotus; Polysaccharides; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides

Anthocyanins are the main compounds in Nitraria tangutorun Bobr. The enrichment and purification of anthocyanins on macroporous resins were investigated. Regarding anthocyanin purification, static adsorption and desorption were studied. The optimal experimental conditions were the following: resin type: X-5; static adsorption time: 6h; desorption solution: ethanol-water-HCl (80:19:1, V/V/V; pH 1); desorption time: 40min. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of the anthocyanins were evaluated. The anthocyanins showed ideal scavenging effects on free radicals in vitro, especially on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radical (OH). In the animal experiment, blood lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemia rats was regulated by anthocyanin contents. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of hyperlipidemia rats were also improved by anthocyanins. These results showed that anthocyanins from N. tangutorun Bobr. fruits had potential biological activities in vivo as well as in vitro.

Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Free Radicals; Fruit; Hydroxyl Radical; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Zygophyllaceae

The aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran (AEERB) was rich in protein, γ-oryzanol and tocols. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AEERB on the regulation of lipid metabolism and the inhibition of oxidative damage.. The antioxidant activity of AEERB in vitro was measured in terms of radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) and linoleic acid emulsion system-ferric thiocyanate method (FTC). Male Wistar rats were fed with a normal diet and a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet with or without AEERB. After treatment, biochemical assays of serum, liver and feces lipid levels, the antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl were determined.. AEERB is completely soluble in water and rich in hydrophilic and lipophilic functional ingredients. AEERB scavenged DPPH• and ABTS•+ and exhibited antioxidant activity slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid in the linoleic acid system. The administration of AEERB reduced serum lipid levels and the atherogenic index compared with those of the hyperlipidemic diet group (HD). The administration of AEERB significantly lowered liver lipid levels, inhibited hepatic 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity, and efficiently promoted the fecal excretion of total lipids and total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05). Dietary AEERB enhanced antioxidant status in the serum, liver and brain by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreasing the content of MDA and protein carbonyl.. The results indicated that AEERB might act as a potent hypolipidemic and antioxidant functional food.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diet, High-Fat; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oryza; Oxidative Stress; Phenylpropionates; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Protein Carbonylation; Rats, Wistar; Seeds; Sulfonic Acids

Six novel ibuprofen derivatives and related structures, incorporating a proline moiety and designed for neurodegenerative disorders, are studied. They possess anti-inflammatory properties and three of them inhibited lipoxygenase. One compound was found to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production in spleenocytes from arthritic rats. The HS-containing compounds are potent antioxidants and one of them protected against glutathione loss after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. They demonstrated lipid-lowering ability and seem to acquire low gastrointestinal toxicity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, found in two of these compounds, may be an asset to their actions.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Arthritis, Experimental; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cholesterol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Freund's Adjuvant; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glutathione; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Ibuprofen; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Mice; Microsomes, Liver; Neuroprotective Agents; Nootropic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Rats; Spleen; Triglycerides