1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Kidney-Calculi

Mentha piperita L., a well-known traditional herb, constitutes essential oil as one of its important constituent, used for its flavor, aroma and therapeutic applications. Based on the antioxidant, antispasmodic and nephroprotective potential, the essential oil of Mentha piperita was evaluated for its preventive and curative effects against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. Peppermint oil (Mp.Eo) was evaluated for its antioxidant potential by DPPH method. Urolithiasis was developed in male rats by the administration of ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water. Different doses of Mp.Eo (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg) and cystone, the standard antiurolithic drug (500 mg/kg), were given along with stone-inducing regimen in prophylactic model and after intoxication for the next fourteen days in curative model. Urine and serum were analyzed for various biochemical parameters. One representative kidney from each group was studied for changes in histological parameters. Mp.Eo was found to be effective against urolithiasis-associated changes including crystalluria, polyuria and acidic urine. Mp.Eo also neutralized the altered levels of urinary uric acid, magnesium, total protein, serum creatinine and serum BUN. The data obtained from the present study demonstrated the therapeutic importance of peppermint oil against urolithiasis.

Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Calcium Oxalate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethylene Glycol; Kidney Calculi; Male; Mentha piperita; Picrates; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uric Acid; Urolithiasis

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Biphenyl Compounds; Calcium Oxalate; Cell Survival; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Tubules; Malpighiaceae; Mice; NADPH Oxidase 4; Oxidative Stress; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phorbol Esters; Picrates; Pyrazoles; Pyrazolones; Pyridines; Pyridones; Reactive Oxygen Species; Saponins; Tocopherols

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease and remains a public health problem around the world. Of all types of renal stones, calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common composition formed in the urinary system of the patients with urolithiasis. The present study is aimed at evaluating the antiurolithiatic properties of the Tris-Cl extract (TE) of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna). The antilithiatic activity of TE of T. arjuna was investigated on nucleation, aggregation, and growth of the CaOx crystals, as well as its protective potency was tested on oxalate-induced cell injury of NRK-52E renal epithelial cells. Also, in vitro antioxidant activity of TE T. arjuna bark was also determined. The TE of T. arjuna exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of nucleation and growth of CaOx crystals. Inhibition of aggregation of CaOx crystals remains constant. When NRK-52E cells were injured by exposure to oxalate for 48 h, the TE prevented the cells from injury and CaOx crystal adherence resulting in increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The TE also scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals with an IC50 at 51.72 µg/mL. The results indicated that T. arjuna is a potential candidate for phytotherapy against urolithiasis as it attains the ability to inhibit CaOx crystallization and scavenge DPPH free radicals in vitro along with a cytoprotective role.

Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Calcium Oxalate; Cells, Cultured; Crystallization; Cytoprotection; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Calculi; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats; Terminalia