1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Prostatic-Neoplasms

Topics: 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Alopecia; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase; Chorioallantoic Membrane; Dietary Supplements; Equisetum; Ferric Compounds; Functional Food; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lipid Peroxidation; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Phenols; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Prostatic Neoplasms; RAW 264.7 Cells; Solvents; Sulfonic Acids

This study's objective was to characterize the effect of traditional and 3 newly devised (soaking+grinding) methods combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of soymilk prepared from black soybean. Phenolic substances and antioxidant profile were characterized and antiproliferation of prostate cancer DU145 cells was conducted using a cell culture assay. Results indicated Grinding Method 4 produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and total isoflavone content in both raw and cooked black soymilk as compared to Method 1. Cooking soymilk reduced 23% to 38% of total phenolic substances. Raw black soymilk produced by Method 4 displayed the highest antioxidant capability, which was determined using ORAC, FRAP, and DPPH assays, and a higher antiprostate cell proliferation ability. Cooking only slightly reduced the potency to inhibit DU145 prostate cancer cells as IC50 value was increased from the average of about 4.0 mg/mL of raw soymilk extracts to 5.5 mg/mL of cooked soymilk extracts of all grinding methods. Overall, total isoflavone content was the only component that was negatively correlated with IC50 value (r = -0.93, P < 0.05) which indicates the ability to inhibit prostate cancer cell is associated with the increase in total isoflavone content, not with any other phenolic substances or antioxidant properties.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Cooking; Flavonoids; Food Handling; Glycine max; Humans; Isoflavones; Male; Phenols; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Prostatic Neoplasms; Soy Milk; Water

Current diagnostic techniques of prostate cancer cannot efficiently distinguish the latent and low-risk forms from the high-risk significant forms of prostate cancer. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), except other functions, plays an important role in cell transformation and the process of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, Cav-1 is involved in metastatic processes. It has also been shown that Cav-1 expression is induced under stress conditions, such as oxidative stress. The present study focused on the determination of prognostic markers of aggressive (high-grade) forms of prostate cancer. We determined serum Cav-1 and serum markers of antioxidant activity-glutathione (GSH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), N,N-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene (DMPD), free radicals method (FRK) and blue chromium peroxide (Cro) in 97 serum samples (82 prostate cancer patients and 15 controls). We found insignificant differences in Cav-1 between the sera of patients and controls (5.69 in the cancer group vs. 5.42 ng/ml in the control group). However, we found a significant (p<0.004) 2.8-fold elevation of Cav-1 in high tumour stages (TNM T4) compared to lower stages and a significant positive association with histological grading (r=0.29, p=0.028). We also found that in patients with high serum Cav-1 the antioxidant capacity of the body is reduced. These findings indicate that Cav-1 may be an interesting tool for the prediction of disease burden.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biphenyl Compounds; Caveolin 1; Chromans; Chromium Compounds; Free Radicals; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Peroxides; Picrates; Prostatic Neoplasms

Geum quellyon Sweet, a perennial herb of the Rosaceae family, has been used in the traditional medicine of the Mapuche Amerindians of Chile to treat tooth neuralgia, gastric inflammation, prostatitis and to regulate menstruation, and for its diuretic and aphrodisiac properties. Although many benefits have been claimed for this plant, few scientific studies are available in the literature. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a methanolic extract of Geum quellyon roots. We also examined the anticancer action of this plant on Caco-2 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), DU-145 (androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells) and KB (oral squamous carcinoma cells) human tumor cell lines. Our data showed that Geum quellyon extract, containing tannins, exhibits interesting antioxidant properties, expressed by its capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and superoxide anion (O(2)*-), to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, to chelate metals, and to protect plasmid DNA from cleavage induced by hydroxyl radicals (*OH) and nitric oxide (NO). These results may explain, at least in part, its use in Mapuche traditional medicine for gastric inflammation and prostatitis. The assays on human tumor cell lines demonstrated that this natural product exhibits a inhibitory effect on all human cancer cells examined, and seem to indicate that necrosis cell death is triggered in KB cells and Caco-2, while apoptotic cell demise appears to be induced in DU-145. The effect evidenced in Caco-2 cells can be in part correlated to a modulation of redox-sensitive mechanisms.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Line, Tumor; Chelating Agents; Chile; Comet Assay; DNA, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Enzyme Inhibitors; Free Radical Scavengers; Geum; Humans; Hydrazines; Hydrogen Peroxide; KB Cells; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tannins; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Ultraviolet Rays; Xanthine Oxidase