lactoferrin and Cat-Diseases

Feline lymphocytic-plasmacytic gingivitis/stomatitis (LPGS) or caudal stomatitis is an inflammatory disease that causes painfully erosive lesions and proliferations of the oral mucosa. The disease is difficult to cure and can affect cats at an early age, resulting in lifetime therapy. In this study, a new treatment using a combination of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) oral spray and oral piroxicam was investigated using a randomized double-blinded clinical trial in 13 cats with caudal stomatitis. Oral lesion grading and scoring of clinical signs were conducted during and after the trial to assess treatment outcome. Oral mucosal biopsies were used to evaluate histological changes during and after treatment. Clinical signs were significantly improved in 77% of the cats. In a 4-week study, clinical signs were considerably ameliorated by oral piroxicam during the first 2 weeks. In a 12-week study, the combined bLf oral spray and piroxicam, when compared with piroxicam alone, exhibited an enhanced effect that reduced the severity of the oral lesions (P = 0.059), while also significantly improving clinical signs (P <0.05), quality of life (P <0.05), and weight gain (P <0.05). The remission of oral inflammation was closely correlated with the decreased number of macrophages (OR = 4.719, P < 0.05). There was no detectable influence on liver or kidney function during a 12-week assessment. It was concluded that combining oral bLf spray and piroxicam was safe and might be used to decrease the clinical signs of caudal stomatitis in cats.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aerosols; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cat Diseases; Cats; Double-Blind Method; Lactoferrin; Piroxicam; Stomatitis

Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal organism of the skin, yet it may induce dermatitis and/or otitis. Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is an antimicrobial peptide obtained by the pepsin-mediated digestion of lactoferrin, a multifunctional innate-defence milk protein. The antibacterial activity of Lfcin is thought to cause alteration of bacterial membrane permeability, thus inducing cell death.. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of different dilutions of Lfcin solution against M. pachydermatis strains isolated from ears of dogs and cats with otitis externa.. Fifty clinical Malassezia isolates from 40 dogs and 10 cats were tested. A dilution method in microtitre plates was used starting with a 20% Lfcin water solution. The different dilutions were 2:1 (13.3%), 1:1 (10%), 1:2 (6.7%), 1:5 (3.3%) and 1:10 (1.8%). Results were expressed as the value at which the growth of 50% (minimal fungicidal concentration MFC. All strains showed susceptibility to 20% Lfcin solution (100%). With 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions corresponding to 3.3% and 1.8% Lfcin solutions, all strains showed resistance. The MFC. The results indicated that Lfcin solution exhibits the antimicrobial activity specific to antimicrobial peptides. In particular, the 20% solution can be effective in killing M. pachydermatis isolated strains. Some susceptibilities also are evident at lower concentrations of ≤6.7% for four strains.. Malassezia pachydermatis est un organisme commensal de la peau pouvant induire une dermatite et/ou une otite à Malassezia. La lactoferricine (Lfcin) est un peptide antimicrobien obtenu par la digestion de la lactoferrine, médiée par la pepsine, une protéine du lait multifonctionnelle de la défense innée. On pense que l’activité antibactérienne de Lfcin cause une altération de la perméabilité membranaire induisant ainsi la mort cellulaire.. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’activité antifongique in vitro de différentes dilutions de solution de Lfcin contre les souches de M. pachydermatis isolées des oreilles des chiens et des chats avec otite externe. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Cinquante souches cliniques de Malassezia isolées de 40 chiens et 10 chats ont été testées. Une méthode de dilution dans les plateaux de microtitre a été utilisée avec une solution aqueuse à 20% de Lfcin. Les différentes dilutions étaient 2:1 (13.3%), 1:1 (10%), 1:2 (6.7%), 1:5 (3.3%) et 1:10 (1.8%). Les résultats étaient exprimés à la valeur à laquelle la croissance était de 50% (minimal fungicidal concentration MFC50) et 90% (MFC90) des cellules fongiques inhibées. RÉSULTATS: Toutes les souches ont montré une sensibilité de 20% à la solution de Lfcin à 20% (100%). Avec les dilutions à 1:5 et 1:10 correspondant à 3.3% et 1.8% des solutions de Lfcin, toutes les souches étaient résistantes. Les valeurs de MFC50 et MFC90 ont été observées à des solutions de Lfcin à 13.3% et 20%.. Les résultats indiquent que les solutions de Lfcin présentent une activité antimicrobienne spécifique des peptides antimicrobiens. En particulier, la solution à 20% peut être efficace pour tuer les souches de M. pachydermatits. Certaines sensibilités sont aussi évidentes à de plus faibles concentrations de moins de 6.7% pour quatre souches.. INTRODUCCIÓN: Malassezia pachydermatis es un organismo comensal de la piel, pero puede inducir dermatitis y/u otitis. La lactoferricina (Lfcin) es un péptido antimicrobiano obtenido por la digestión de lactoferrina mediada por pepsina, una proteína láctea de defensa innata multifuncional. Se cree que la actividad antibacteriana de Lfcin causa alteración de la permeabilidad de la membrana bacteriana, induciendo así la muerte celular. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica in vitro de diferentes diluciones de solución de Lfcin contra cepas de M. pachydermatis aisladas de oídos de perros y gatos con otitis externa. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: Se probaron 50 aislamientos clínicos de Malassezia de 40 perros y 10 gatos. Se utilizó un método de dilución en placas de microtitulación partiendo de una solución acuosa de Lfcin al 20%. Las diferentes diluciones fueron 2: 1 (13,3%), 1: 1 (10%), 1: 2 (6,7%), 1: 5 (3,3%) y 1:10 (1,8%). Los resultados se expresaron como el valor al que se inhibió el crecimiento del 50% (concentración mínima de fungicida MFC50) y del 90% (MFC90) de las células de levadura. RESULTADOS: Todas las cepas mostraron susceptibilidad a la solución de Lfcin al 20% (100%). Con diluciones 1: 5 y 1:10 correspondientes a soluciones de Lfcin al 3,3% y 1,8%, todas las cepas mostraron resistencia. Los valores de MFC50 y MFC90 se observaron en soluciones de Lfcin al 13,3% y al 20%. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: los resultados indicaron que la solución de Lfcin exhibe la actividad antimicrobiana específica de los péptidos antimicrobianos. En particular, la solución al 20% puede ser eficaz para matar cepas aisladas de M. pachydermatis. Algunas susceptibilidades también son evidentes a concentraciones más bajas de ≤6,7% para cuatro cepas.. Malassezia pachydermatis ist ein Kommensale auf der Haut, aber sie kann auch eine Dermatitis und/oder Otitis verursachen. Lactoferrin (Lfcin) ist ein antimikrobielles Peptid, welches aus der Pepsin-vermittelten Verdauung von Lactoferin, einem multi-funktionalen angeborenn schützenden Milchprotein, gewonnen wird. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die antibakterielle Aktivität von Lfcin eine Veränderung der Durchlässigkeit der Bakterienmembranen bewirkt, welche den Zelltod induziert.. Das Ziel dieser Studie war eine Evaluierung der in vitro antimykotischen Aktivität verschiedener Verdünnungen von Lfcin Lösung gegenüber M. pachydermatis Stämmen, die aus den Ohren von Hunden und Katzen mit einer Otitis externa isoliert worden waren.. Fünfzig klinische Malassezienisolate von 40 Hunden und 10 Katzen wurden getestet. Eine Verdünnungsmethode in Mikrotiterplatten wurde angewendet, die bei einer 20%igen Lfcin wässrigen Lösung begann. Die unterschiedlichen Verdünnungen waren 2:1 (13,3%), 1:1 (10%), 1:2 (6,7%), 1:5 (3,3%) und 1:10 (1,8%). Die Ergebnisse wurden als jener Wert ausgedrückt, bei dem das Wachstum von 50% (minimale fungizide Konzentration MFC. Alle Stämme zeigten eine Empfindlichkeit auf 20%ige Lfcin Lösung (100%). Bei den 1:5 und 1:10 Verdünnungen, welche mit 3,3% bzw 1,8%iger Lfcin Lösung korrespondietren, zeigten alle Stämme eine Resistenz. Die MFC. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Lfcin Lösung eine antimikrobielle Wirksamkeit spezifisch gegen antimikrobielle Peptide zeigt. Im Speziellen kann die 20%ige Lösung beim Abtöten von isolierten M. pachdermatis Stämmen wirksam sein. Einige Empfindlichkeiten treten auch bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen von ≤6,7% bei vier Stämmen auf.. 背景: Malassezia pachydermatisは、皮膚の共生生物でありながら、皮膚炎や耳炎を引き起こすことがある。ラクトフェリシン（Lfcin）は、牛乳の多機能自然防御タンパク質であるラクトフェリンをペプシンで消化して得られる抗菌ペプチドである。Lfcinの抗菌作用は、細菌の膜透過性を変化させ、細胞死を誘導すると考えられている。 目的: 本研究の目的は、外耳炎の犬および猫の耳から分離されたM. pachydermatis株に対するLfcin溶液の異なる希釈液のin vitro抗真菌活性を評価することである。 材料と方法: 犬40頭、猫10頭から分離された50のマラセチア臨床株を試験した。マイクロタイタープレートを用いた希釈法で、20％Lfcin水溶液から始めた。希釈率は2：1（13.3％）、1：1（10％）、1：2（6.7％）、1：5（3.3％）、1：10（1.8％）であった。結果は、酵母細胞の50%(最小殺菌濃度MFC50)および90%(MFC90)の増殖が阻害される値で表した。 結果: 20％Lfcin溶液に対しては、すべての菌株が感受性を示した（100％）。3.3%および1.8%のLfcin溶液に相当する1:5および1:10の希釈液では，すべての菌株が耐性を示した。13.3％および20％のLfcin溶液では，MFC50およびMFC90の値を示した。 結論と臨床的妥当性: 結果は、Lfcin溶液が抗菌ペプチドに特有の抗菌活性を示すことを示した。特に、20％溶液はM. pachydermatis分離株の殺傷に有効である。また，4株は6.7％以下の低濃度において，いくつかの感受性が認められた。.. 背景: 厚皮马拉色菌是 种皮肤共生微生物，但可能诱发皮炎和/或耳炎。乳铁蛋白(Lactoferricin，Lfcin)是由胃蛋白酶介导的乳铁蛋白（一种多功能的固有防御乳蛋白）消化获得的抗菌肽。Lfcin的抗菌活性被认为会引起细菌细胞膜通透性改变，从而诱导细胞死亡。 目的: 本研究的目的是评价不同稀释度的Lfcin溶液对从外耳炎犬和猫的耳道分离的厚皮马拉色菌菌株的体外抗真菌活性。 方法和材料: 检测了来自40只犬和10只猫的50个临床马拉色菌分离株。使用微量滴定板中的稀释方法，从20%Lfcin水溶液开始。不同稀释度为2:1(13.3%)、1:1(10%)、1:2(6.7%)、1:5(3.3%)和1:10(1.8%)。结果表示为抑制50%（最小杀真菌浓度MFC50）和90%(MFC90)酵母细胞生长的值。 结果: 所有菌株均显示对20%Lfcin溶液敏感(100%)。使用对应于3.3%和1.8%Lfcin溶液的1:5和1:10稀释液，所有菌株均显示耐药性。在13.3%和20%Lfcin溶液中观察到MFC50和MFC90值。 结论和临床相关性: 结果表明Lfcin溶液表现出抗菌肽特异性抗菌活性。特别是20%溶液可有效杀灭厚皮马拉色菌分离菌株。对于4种菌株，在≤6.7%的较低浓度下，具有部分敏感性。.. A Malassezia pachydermatis é um organismo comensal da pele que pode causar dermatite e/ou otite. A lactoferricina (Lfcin) é um peptídeo antimicrobiano obtido a partir da digestão mediada pela pepsina da lactoferrina, uma proteína multifuncional de imunidade inata do leite. Acredita-se que a atividade antibacteriana da Lfcin seja causada pela alteração da permeabilidade da membrana bacteriana, induzindo assim morte celular.. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de diferentes diluições da solução Lfcin contra cepas de M. pachydermatis isoladas de orelhas de cães e gatos com otite externa. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Cinquenta isolados clínicos de Malassezia de 40 cães e 10 gatos foram testados. Utilizou-se um método de diluição em placas de microtitulação começando com uma solução aquosa de Lfcin. As diferentes diluições utilizadas foram: 2:1 (13,3%), 1:1 (10%), 1:2 (6,7%), 1:5 (3,3%) e 1:10 (1,8%). Os resultados foram expressados como os valores em que houve inibição do crescimento de 50% (concentração fungicida mínima MFC. Todas as cepas demonstraram susceptibilidade à solução de Lfcin a 20%. Com as diluições de 1:5 e 1:10 correspondentes às soluções de 3,3% e 1,8% de Lfcin, todas as cepas demonstraram resistência. Os valores de MFC

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lactoferrin; Malassezia; Otitis Externa

To initiate infections, many coronaviruses use sialic acids, either as receptor determinants or as attachment factors helping the virus find its receptor underneath the heavily glycosylated mucus layer. In the present study, the role of sialic acids in serotype I feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) infections was studied in feline intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Treatment of cells with neuraminidase (NA) enhanced infection efficiency, showing that terminal sialic acid residues on the cell surface were not receptor determinants and even hampered efficient virus-receptor engagement. Knowing that NA treatment of coronaviruses can unmask viral sialic acid binding activity, replication of untreated and NA-treated viruses was compared, showing that NA treatment of the virus enhanced infectivity in untreated cells, but was detrimental in NA-treated cells. By using sialylated compounds as competitive inhibitors, it was demonstrated that sialyllactose (2,6-α-linked over 2,3-α-linked) notably reduced infectivity of NA-treated viruses, whereas bovine submaxillary mucin inhibited both treated and untreated viruses. In desialylated cells, however, viruses were less prone to competitive inhibition with sialylated compounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that FECV had a sialic acid binding capacity, which was partially masked by virus-associated sialic acids, and that attachment to sialylated compounds could facilitate enterocyte infections. However, sialic acid binding was not a prerequisite for the initiation of infection and virus-receptor engagement was even more efficient after desialylation of cells, indicating that FECV requires sialidases for efficient enterocyte infections.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cell Line; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus, Feline; Epithelial Cells; Feline Infectious Peritonitis; Fetuins; Gastric Mucins; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactoferrin; Lactose; Neuraminidase; Receptors, Virus; Sialic Acids; Virus Attachment

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is characterized by chronic overactivation of immune and inflammatory system, resulting in anergic state and dysfunction of immune cells. Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein present in exocrine secretions and neutrophils, plays an important role in host defense system. Our previous study showed that oral administration of bovine LF (bLF) suppressed oral inflammation, improved the clinical symptoms and decreased serum gamma-globulin as a marker of inflammation in FIV-infected cats with intractable stomatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect was partly involved in regulation of neutrophil function by bLF. In this study, to clarify the relationship between anti-inflammatory effects of bLF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we examined the effect of bLF on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cytokine expression in mitogen-activated PBMC. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay showed that bLF inhibited the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced cell proliferation in FIV-infected cats with the asymptomatic carrier and AIDS-related complex (ARC) phase. Bovine LF restored ConA-induced cell cycle progression and resulted in suppression of the induced apoptosis in feline PBMC. Real-time RT-PCR showed that bLF suppressed ConA-induced expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in cells of the ARC group regardless of the time of its addition to the medium. These results suggest the hypothesis that therapy with bLF may have the potential to improve and protect functions of overactivated lymphocytes by modulating the cell proliferation, cell cycle and cytokines expression in cats in terminal stage of FIV infection.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cattle; Cell Proliferation; Chronic Disease; Concanavalin A; Cytokines; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Lactoferrin; Lentivirus Infections; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; RNA, Messenger

Feline calicivirus (FCV) shedding and oral bacterial flora were monitored over a period of 22 months in a case of feline gingivostomatitis (FGS). The cat was treated daily with 50 mg thalidomide capsules by mouth, and 200 mg lactoferrin powder was applied directly to the lesions. Clinical signs began to resolve after 11 months when, in addition to treatment, the diet had been changed to an additive-free cat food supplemented with antioxidant vitamins A, D3 and E. Resolution of clinical signs of FGS coincided with the cessation of FCV shedding, and this is the first report documenting such an association. Which part of the treatment, if any, contributed to the cure requires further investigation.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Calicivirus, Feline; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chronic Disease; Diet; Gingival Diseases; Lactoferrin; Male; Pasteurella multocida; Stomatitis; Thalidomide