lactoferrin and Colitis

The most effective way to control severity and mortality rate of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through sensitive diagnostic approaches and an appropriate treatment protocol. We aimed to identify the effect of adding corticosteroid and Tocilizumab to a standard treatment protocol in treating COVID-19 patients with chronic disease through hematological and lab biomarkers.. This study was performed retrospectively on 68 COVID-19 patients with chronic disease who were treated by different therapeutic protocols. The patients were categorized into four groups: control group represented the patients' lab results at admission before treatment protocols were applied; group 1 included patients treated with anticoagulants, Hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics; group 2 comprised patients treated with Dexamethasone; and group 3 included patients treated with Dexamethasone and Tocilizumab.. The study paves the way into the effectiveness of combining Dexamethasone with Tocilizumab in treatment COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.. La forma más eficaz de controlar la gravedad y la tasa de mortalidad de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) es mediante enfoques de diagnóstico sensibles y un protocolo de tratamiento adecuado. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar el efecto de agregar corticosteroides y tocilizumab a un protocolo de tratamiento estándar en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica a través de biomarcadores hematológicos y de laboratorio.. Este estudio se realizó de forma retrospectiva en 68 pacientes COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica que fueron tratados por diferentes protocolos terapéuticos. Los pacientes se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: el grupo de control representaba los resultados de laboratorio de los pacientes en el momento de la admisión antes de que se aplicaran los protocolos de tratamiento; el grupo 1 incluyó a pacientes tratados con anticoagulantes, hidroxicloroquina y antibióticos; el grupo 2 estaba compuesto por pacientes tratados con dexametasona; y el grupo 3 incluyó a pacientes tratados con dexametasona y tocilizumab.. El estudio allana el camino hacia la eficacia de la combinación de dexametasona con tocilizumab en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedades crónicas.. The Child-Mother Index constitutes a potential useful risk factor indicator for statistical analyses on data after birth. The value of the Child-Mother Index based on the estimated fetal weight before birth deserves evaluation.. Six ceria supports synthesized by various synthesis methodologies were used to deposit cobalt oxide. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized, and their catalytic activity for complete methane oxidation was studied. The supports synthesized by direct calcination and precipitation with ammonia exhibited the best textural and structural properties as well as the highest degree of oxidation. The remaining supports presented poorer textural properties to be employed as catalytic supports. The cobalt deposited over the first two supports presented a good dispersion at the external surface, which induced a significant redox effect that increased the number of Co. Some studies show that children with obesity are more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But this does not necessarily mean obesity causes these conditions. Depression, anxiety, or ADHD could cause obesity. A child's environment, including family income or their parents' mental health, could also affect a child's weight and mental health. Understanding the nature of these relationships could help scientists develop better interventions for both obesity and mental health conditions. Genetic studies may help scientists better understand the role of the environment in these conditions, but it's important to consider both the child's and their parents’ genetics in these analyses. This is because parents and children share not only genes, but also environmental conditions. For example, families that carry genetic variants associated with higher body weight might also have lower incomes, if parents have been affected by biases against heavier people in society and the workplace. Children in these families could have worse mental health because of effects of their parent’s weight, rather than their own weight. Looking at both child and adult genetics can help disentangle these processes. Hughes et al. show that a child's own body mass index, a ratio of weight and height, is not strongly associated with the child’s mental health symptoms. They analysed genetic, weight, and health survey data from about 41,000 8-year-old children and their parents. The results suggest that a child's own BMI does not have a large effect on their anxiety symptoms. There was also no clear evidence that a child's BMI affected their symptoms of depression or ADHD. These results contradict previous studies, which did not account for parental genetics. Hughes et al. suggest that, at least for eight-year-olds, factors linked with adult weight and which differ between families may be more critical to a child's mental health than a child’s own weight. For older children and adolescents, this may not be the case, and the individual’s own weight may be more important. As a result, policies designed to reduce obesity in mid-childhood are unlikely to greatly improve the mental health of children. On the other hand, policies targeting the environmental or societal factors contributing to higher body weights, bias against people with higher weights, and poor child mental health directly may be more beneficial.. The development of an efficient photocatalyst for C2 product formation from CO. Оценка антиастенического эффекта последовательной терапии левокарнитином (ЛК) и ацетилкарнитином (АЛК) пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и/или ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) с астеническим синдромом (АС).. В открытое сравнительное исследование были включены 120 пациентов в возрасте 54—67 лет с артериальной гипертензией и/или ИБС с АС. Пациенты 1-й группы (. У больных 1-й группы отмечено статистически значимое уменьшение различных проявлений АС. Отличия носили достоверный характер по сравнению как с исходным уровнем, так и со 2-й группой. Установлено эндотелийпротективное действие ЛК и АЛК.. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что у таких коморбидных пациентов использование ЛК и АЛК уменьшает выраженность проявлений АС, а установленные эндотелиотропные свойства препаратов позволяют рекомендовать их в составе комплексной персонифицированной терапии пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.. Naproxen sodium 440 mg/diphenhydramine 50 mg combination demonstrated improvement in sleep maintenance (WASO) vs. naproxen sodium 550 mg and higher efficiency in average daily pain reduction compared with the comparison groups. The treatment was well tolerated There were no serious or unexpected adverse events reported in the study.. Сравнительный анализ эффективности и безопасности новой комбинации напроксена натрия и дифенгидрамина у пациентов с неспецифическим болевым синдромом в пояснично-крестцовом отделе спины (M54.5 «Боль внизу спины») и нарушением сна (G47.0 «Нарушения засыпания и поддержания сна [бессонница]»).. Проведено проспективное многоцентровое рандомизированное открытое сравнительное в параллельных группах клиническое исследование. Пациенты были рандомизированы в 3 группы. Больные 1-й группы получали напроксен натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг), 2-й — напроксен натрия (550 мг), 3-й — парацетамол (1000 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг). Исследуемые препараты пациенты принимали однократно перед сном в течение 3 дней. Все пациенты также принимали 275 мг (1 таблетка) напроксена натрия в качестве препарата фоновой терапии. Первичным критерием эффективности было общее время бодрствования после наступления сна (WASO), измеряемое методом актиграфии. Также использовались критерии оценки продолжительности и качества сна и выраженности боли.. Анализ эффективности проведен для ITT популяции (. Применение комбинации напроксена натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамина (50 мг) характеризовалось более выраженным поддержанием сна по сравнению с напроксеном натрия 550 мг и более высокой эффективностью в отношении снижения интенсивности боли по сравнению со 2-й и 3-й группами. Отмечена хорошая переносимость препарата, серьезных нежелательных явлений зарегистрировано не было.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alzheimer Disease; Amikacin; Ammonia; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Anxiety; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthenia; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bacterial Proteins; Beryllium; beta-Lactamases; Biofuels; Biomass; Biosensing Techniques; Bismuth; Blister; Body Mass Index; Body Surface Area; Boronic Acids; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cannabis; Carbapenems; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carboxylic Acids; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Child; China; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clarithromycin; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Colistin; Colitis; Colon; Coloring Agents; Coronary Artery Bypass; Creatinine; Crystalloid Solutions; Cytokines; Depression; Dextran Sulfate; Dextrans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Diphenhydramine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Outbreaks; Double-Blind Method; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drug Tapering; Dysbiosis; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Extracellular Vesicles; Fatigue; Female; Fermentation; gamma-Cyclodextrins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Graft Survival; Graft vs Host Disease; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; High-Intensity Interval Training; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension; Incidence; Interferon-gamma; Italy; Kinetics; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lactoferrin; Larva; Length of Stay; Lignin; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lung Volume Measurements; Macrophages; Male; Melphalan; Men; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Meropenem; Methane; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Motivation; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; NAD; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotubes, Carbon; Naproxen; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neurons; Nitrates; Nucleolin; Opuntia; Paratyphoid Fever; Phenotype; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; Selenium; Sleep; Social Behavior; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Surveys and Questionnaires; Swimming; Syndrome; Tannins; Temperature; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transplantation Conditioning; Treatment Outcome; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Troponin T; Tumor Microenvironment; United Kingdom; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urinary Tract Infections; Viscum; Waste Disposal Facilities; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wolfiporia; Young Adult

The most effective way to control severity and mortality rate of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through sensitive diagnostic approaches and an appropriate treatment protocol. We aimed to identify the effect of adding corticosteroid and Tocilizumab to a standard treatment protocol in treating COVID-19 patients with chronic disease through hematological and lab biomarkers.. This study was performed retrospectively on 68 COVID-19 patients with chronic disease who were treated by different therapeutic protocols. The patients were categorized into four groups: control group represented the patients' lab results at admission before treatment protocols were applied; group 1 included patients treated with anticoagulants, Hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics; group 2 comprised patients treated with Dexamethasone; and group 3 included patients treated with Dexamethasone and Tocilizumab.. The study paves the way into the effectiveness of combining Dexamethasone with Tocilizumab in treatment COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.. La forma más eficaz de controlar la gravedad y la tasa de mortalidad de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) es mediante enfoques de diagnóstico sensibles y un protocolo de tratamiento adecuado. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar el efecto de agregar corticosteroides y tocilizumab a un protocolo de tratamiento estándar en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica a través de biomarcadores hematológicos y de laboratorio.. Este estudio se realizó de forma retrospectiva en 68 pacientes COVID-19 con enfermedad crónica que fueron tratados por diferentes protocolos terapéuticos. Los pacientes se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: el grupo de control representaba los resultados de laboratorio de los pacientes en el momento de la admisión antes de que se aplicaran los protocolos de tratamiento; el grupo 1 incluyó a pacientes tratados con anticoagulantes, hidroxicloroquina y antibióticos; el grupo 2 estaba compuesto por pacientes tratados con dexametasona; y el grupo 3 incluyó a pacientes tratados con dexametasona y tocilizumab.. El estudio allana el camino hacia la eficacia de la combinación de dexametasona con tocilizumab en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 con enfermedades crónicas.. The Child-Mother Index constitutes a potential useful risk factor indicator for statistical analyses on data after birth. The value of the Child-Mother Index based on the estimated fetal weight before birth deserves evaluation.. Six ceria supports synthesized by various synthesis methodologies were used to deposit cobalt oxide. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized, and their catalytic activity for complete methane oxidation was studied. The supports synthesized by direct calcination and precipitation with ammonia exhibited the best textural and structural properties as well as the highest degree of oxidation. The remaining supports presented poorer textural properties to be employed as catalytic supports. The cobalt deposited over the first two supports presented a good dispersion at the external surface, which induced a significant redox effect that increased the number of Co. Some studies show that children with obesity are more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But this does not necessarily mean obesity causes these conditions. Depression, anxiety, or ADHD could cause obesity. A child's environment, including family income or their parents' mental health, could also affect a child's weight and mental health. Understanding the nature of these relationships could help scientists develop better interventions for both obesity and mental health conditions. Genetic studies may help scientists better understand the role of the environment in these conditions, but it's important to consider both the child's and their parents’ genetics in these analyses. This is because parents and children share not only genes, but also environmental conditions. For example, families that carry genetic variants associated with higher body weight might also have lower incomes, if parents have been affected by biases against heavier people in society and the workplace. Children in these families could have worse mental health because of effects of their parent’s weight, rather than their own weight. Looking at both child and adult genetics can help disentangle these processes. Hughes et al. show that a child's own body mass index, a ratio of weight and height, is not strongly associated with the child’s mental health symptoms. They analysed genetic, weight, and health survey data from about 41,000 8-year-old children and their parents. The results suggest that a child's own BMI does not have a large effect on their anxiety symptoms. There was also no clear evidence that a child's BMI affected their symptoms of depression or ADHD. These results contradict previous studies, which did not account for parental genetics. Hughes et al. suggest that, at least for eight-year-olds, factors linked with adult weight and which differ between families may be more critical to a child's mental health than a child’s own weight. For older children and adolescents, this may not be the case, and the individual’s own weight may be more important. As a result, policies designed to reduce obesity in mid-childhood are unlikely to greatly improve the mental health of children. On the other hand, policies targeting the environmental or societal factors contributing to higher body weights, bias against people with higher weights, and poor child mental health directly may be more beneficial.. The development of an efficient photocatalyst for C2 product formation from CO. Оценка антиастенического эффекта последовательной терапии левокарнитином (ЛК) и ацетилкарнитином (АЛК) пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и/или ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) с астеническим синдромом (АС).. В открытое сравнительное исследование были включены 120 пациентов в возрасте 54—67 лет с артериальной гипертензией и/или ИБС с АС. Пациенты 1-й группы (. У больных 1-й группы отмечено статистически значимое уменьшение различных проявлений АС. Отличия носили достоверный характер по сравнению как с исходным уровнем, так и со 2-й группой. Установлено эндотелийпротективное действие ЛК и АЛК.. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что у таких коморбидных пациентов использование ЛК и АЛК уменьшает выраженность проявлений АС, а установленные эндотелиотропные свойства препаратов позволяют рекомендовать их в составе комплексной персонифицированной терапии пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.. Naproxen sodium 440 mg/diphenhydramine 50 mg combination demonstrated improvement in sleep maintenance (WASO) vs. naproxen sodium 550 mg and higher efficiency in average daily pain reduction compared with the comparison groups. The treatment was well tolerated There were no serious or unexpected adverse events reported in the study.. Сравнительный анализ эффективности и безопасности новой комбинации напроксена натрия и дифенгидрамина у пациентов с неспецифическим болевым синдромом в пояснично-крестцовом отделе спины (M54.5 «Боль внизу спины») и нарушением сна (G47.0 «Нарушения засыпания и поддержания сна [бессонница]»).. Проведено проспективное многоцентровое рандомизированное открытое сравнительное в параллельных группах клиническое исследование. Пациенты были рандомизированы в 3 группы. Больные 1-й группы получали напроксен натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг), 2-й — напроксен натрия (550 мг), 3-й — парацетамол (1000 мг) и дифенгидрамин (50 мг). Исследуемые препараты пациенты принимали однократно перед сном в течение 3 дней. Все пациенты также принимали 275 мг (1 таблетка) напроксена натрия в качестве препарата фоновой терапии. Первичным критерием эффективности было общее время бодрствования после наступления сна (WASO), измеряемое методом актиграфии. Также использовались критерии оценки продолжительности и качества сна и выраженности боли.. Анализ эффективности проведен для ITT популяции (. Применение комбинации напроксена натрия (440 мг) и дифенгидрамина (50 мг) характеризовалось более выраженным поддержанием сна по сравнению с напроксеном натрия 550 мг и более высокой эффективностью в отношении снижения интенсивности боли по сравнению со 2-й и 3-й группами. Отмечена хорошая переносимость препарата, серьезных нежелательных явлений зарегистрировано не было.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alzheimer Disease; Amikacin; Ammonia; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Anxiety; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthenia; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bacterial Proteins; Beryllium; beta-Lactamases; Biofuels; Biomass; Biosensing Techniques; Bismuth; Blister; Body Mass Index; Body Surface Area; Boronic Acids; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cannabis; Carbapenems; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carboxylic Acids; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Child; China; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clarithromycin; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Colistin; Colitis; Colon; Coloring Agents; Coronary Artery Bypass; Creatinine; Crystalloid Solutions; Cytokines; Depression; Dextran Sulfate; Dextrans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Diphenhydramine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Outbreaks; Double-Blind Method; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drug Tapering; Dysbiosis; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Extracellular Vesicles; Fatigue; Female; Fermentation; gamma-Cyclodextrins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Graft Survival; Graft vs Host Disease; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; High-Intensity Interval Training; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension; Incidence; Interferon-gamma; Italy; Kinetics; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lactoferrin; Larva; Length of Stay; Lignin; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lung Volume Measurements; Macrophages; Male; Melphalan; Men; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Meropenem; Methane; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Motivation; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; NAD; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotubes, Carbon; Naproxen; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neurons; Nitrates; Nucleolin; Opuntia; Paratyphoid Fever; Phenotype; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; Selenium; Sleep; Social Behavior; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Surveys and Questionnaires; Swimming; Syndrome; Tannins; Temperature; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transplantation Conditioning; Treatment Outcome; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Troponin T; Tumor Microenvironment; United Kingdom; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urinary Tract Infections; Viscum; Waste Disposal Facilities; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wolfiporia; Young Adult

This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of four different fecal markers in discriminating between irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and other forms of colitis and to examine the feasibility of collecting fecal samples in outpatients.. We prospectively included 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 36 with inflammatory bowel disease (24 Crohn's disease, 12 ulcerative colitis), and 18 with other forms of colitis (8 infectious colitis, 5 ischemic colitis, 5 medication-induced colitis). Diagnosis was established by clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic workup. Blinded fecal samples were measured for calprotectin (PhiCal-Test, ELISA), lactoferrin (IBD-SCAN, ELISA), Hexagon OBTI (immunochromatographic test for detection of human hemoglobin), and LEUKO-TEST (lactoferrin latex-agglutination test).. Overall accuracy for discriminating irritable bowel syndrome from inflammatory bowel disease or other forms of colitis was recorded, respectively: IBD-SCAN 91/100 percent, PhiCal-Test 89/100 percent, LEUKO-TEST 83/89 percent, Hexagon OBTI 77/84 percent, C-reactive protein 71/79 percent, and blood leukocytes 63/68 percent. Differentiation of inflammatory bowel disease from other forms of colitis with fecal markers was as follows: range of overall accuracy from 43 to 50 percent. Overall accuracy (in percent) for discrimination of irritable bowel syndrome from patients with Crohn's disease in remission (CDAI<150) was: IBD-SCAN 90, PhiCal-Test 90, LEUKO-TEST 85, Hexagon OBTI 77. Calprotectin and lactoferrin were significantly elevated in patients with Crohn's disease with CDAI>150 compared with those in remission. Fecal sampling feasibility in outpatients was high (acceptance rate 95 percent).. IBD-SCAN and PhiCal-Test have the best overall accuracy for detection of colitis, followed by LEUKO-TEST, Hexagon OBTI, C-reactive protein, and blood leukocytes. Accuracy of fecal markers is high even in patients with Crohn's disease in remission. Fecal sampling feasibility was high in outpatients. Because fecal markers are unspecific, endoscopic workup remains crucial to determine the underlying cause of colitis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Colitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lactoferrin; Latex Fixation Tests; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests

The multifaceted effects of lactoferrin (LF) on the digestive and immune systems make it an attractive therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of LF in colitis, particularly in relation to cellular senescence. We hypothesize that LF has the potential to modulate the senescence process. The effects of LF on senescence were tested in vitro using HCT116 and SW480 cell lines, and in vivo, the dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of colitis. LF (500 mg/kg) alleviated symptoms of colitis in mice with a significant decrease in colon damage (P < .0001 vs. control) and microscopic (P < .05 vs. control) scores. Cellular senescence markers p16 and p21 were significantly upregulated in the mouse colon during inflammation (both P < .01 vs. control), and LF at 500 mg/kg decreased these markers (both P < .05 vs. dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice). In vitro, LF significantly affected the expression of p16 and p21 (P < .05-P < .0001 vs. control), senescence associated secretory phenotype (P < .01-P < .0001 vs. control), and telomere-specific proteins: telomeric repeat binding factor 1 and 2 (P < .05-P < .0001 vs. control) in a concentration-dependent manner. LF modulates the expression of cellular senescence markers and shows hallmarks of senolytic and pro-senescent activity, depending on dose. Further studies are needed to fully understand the anti-inflammatory effect of LF in the context of senescence and safe utilization in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cellular Senescence; Colitis; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lactoferrin; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Colitis; Lactoferrin; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Transforming Growth Factor beta

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing disease. Treatment of UC would benefit from specific targeting of therapeutics to the intestine. Previous studies have demonstrated that bovine lactoferricin and lactoferrampin have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we investigated whether oral administration of a bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin (LFCA)-encoding Lactococcus lactis (LL-LFCA) strain could alleviate experimental colitis. LFCA derived from LL-LFCA inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In mice, administration of LL-LFCA decreased the disease activity index and attenuated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced body weight loss and colon shortening. LL-LFCA treatment also ameliorated DSS-induced colon damage, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and ameliorated DSS-induced disruption of intestinal permeability and tight junctions. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing showed that LL-LFCA reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. The production of proinflammatory mediators in serum and the colon was also reduced by administration of LL-LFCA. In vitro, LFCA derived from LL-LFCA decreased the messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory factors. The underlying mechanisms may involve inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The results demonstrate that LL-LFCA ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal injury in mice, suggesting that LL-LFCA might be an effective drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactococcus lactis; Lactoferrin; Mice; Peptide Fragments; Recombinant Proteins; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome

Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterised by a disruption of immune homeostasis, which is tightly regulated to protect against harmful pathogens yet not react to commensal antigens. Animal studies indicate that regulatory T cells [Treg] modulate the immune response to prevent IBD development. Lactoferrin [LF] is an endogenous anti-inflammatory pleiotropic protein secreted at high concentrations in colostrum and at mucosal sites. However, the effect of LF on specific T lymphocyte populations has not been studied. Here, we identify a novel mechanism by which a recombinant human LF, VEN-120, regulates T cell populations in health and disease.. Two murine models of intestinal inflammation, the dextran sodium sulphate colitis model and the TNFΔARE/+ model of ileitis, were used to study the anti-inflammatory and T cell modulating ability of VEN-120. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate T cell populations within the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes, and to evaluate the effect of VEN-120 on CD4+ T cells in vitro.. VEN-120 reduced inflammation in both models of IBD, accompanied by increased Tregs in the intestinal lamina propria. Treatment of CD4+ T cells in vitro resulted in an upregulation of Treg genes and skewing towards a Treg population. This in vitro T cell skewing translated to an increase of Treg homing to the intestinal lamina propria and associated lymph tissue in healthy mice.. These data provide a novel immunological mechanism by which VEN-120 modulates T cells to restrict inflammatory T cell-driven disease.

Topics: Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Colitis; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Ileitis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lactoferrin; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

LFP-20, a 20-amino acid antimicrobial peptide in the N terminus of porcine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. This study assessed the protective effects of LFP-20 on LPS-induced intestinal damage in a LPS-induced mouse model and in vitro, using intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cells. LFP-20 prevented LPS-induced impairment in colon epithelium tissues, infiltration of macrophages or leukocytes, histological evidence of inflammation and increased levels of TNF-a, IL-6 and IFN-γ. LFP-20 increased the expression of zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-1 and reduced permeability as well as apoptosis of the colon in LPS-treated mice. In IPEC-1 cells, LFP-20 increased transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction expression. Moreover, we found LFP-20 decreased the MyD88 and AKT levels to affect the NF-κB signaling pathway, to modulate inflammation response and tight junction networks in the processing of LPS stimulation. In summary, LFP-20 prevents the inflammatory response and disruption of tight junction structure induced by LPS, suggesting the potential use of LFP-20 as a prophylactic agent to protect intestinal barrier function.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Colitis; Cytokines; Endotoxins; Epithelial Cells; Immunity, Innate; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactoferrin; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Swine; Tight Junctions; Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a poorly understood chronic immune disorder for which there is no medical cure. Milk and colostrum are rich sources of bioactives with immunomodulatory properties. Here we compared the therapeutic effects of oral delivery of bovine milk-derived iron-saturated lactoferrin (Fe-bLF), angiogenin, osteopontin (OPN), colostrum whey protein, Modulen IBD (Nestle Healthsciences, Rhodes, Australia), and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched milk fat in a mouse model of dextran sulfate-induced colitis. The CLA-enriched milk fat significantly increased mouse body weights after 24d of treatment, reduced epithelium damage, and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and nitrous oxide. Modulen IBD most effectively decreased the clinical score at d 12, and Modulen IBD and OPN most effectively lowered the inflammatory score. Myeloperoxidase activity that denotes neutrophil infiltration was significantly lower in mice fed Modulen IBD, OPN, angiogenin, and Fe-bLF. A significant decrease in the numbers of T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and a significant decrease in cytokine expression were observed in mice fed the treatment diets compared with dextran sulfate administered mice. The Fe-bLF, CLA-enriched milk fat, and Modulen IBD inhibited intestinal angiogenesis. In summary, each of the milk components attenuated IBD in mice, but with differing effectiveness against specific disease parameters.

Topics: Animals; Australia; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Colostrum; Cytokines; Dairy Products; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins; Lactoferrin; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Lipid Droplets; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Milk; Milk Proteins; Nitrous Oxide; Osteopontin; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Whey Proteins

Nonresolving inflammatory processes affect all stages of carcinogenesis. Lactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family, is involved in the innate immune response and anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor activities. We previously found that lactoferrin is significantly down-regulated in specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and negatively associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and prognosis of patients with NPC. Additionally, lactoferrin expression levels are decreased in colorectal cancer as compared with normal tissue. Lactoferrin levels are also increased in the various phases of inflammation and dysplasia in an azoxymethane-dextran sulfate sodium (AOM-DSS) model of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). We thus hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory function of lactoferrin may contribute to its anti-tumor activity. Here we generated a new Lactoferrin knockout mouse model in which the mice are fertile, develop normally, and display no gross morphological abnormalities. We then challenged these mice with chemically induced intestinal inflammation to investigate the role of lactoferrin in inflammation and cancer development. Lactoferrin knockout mice demonstrated a great susceptibility to inflammation-induced colorectal dysplasia, and this characteristic may be related to inhibition of NF-κB and AKT/mTOR signaling as well as regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation. Our results suggest that the protective roles of lactoferrin in colorectal mucosal immunity and inflammation-related malignant transformation, along with a deficiency in certain components of the innate immune system, may lead to serious consequences under conditions of inflammatory insult.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Azoxymethane; Cell Proliferation; Colitis; Colonic Neoplasms; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Gene Knockout Techniques; Humans; Inflammation; Lactoferrin; Male; Mice; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction

Intestinal inflammation in mice is most frequently assessed by histology or FACS, processes that necessitate sacrificing mice. We developed a lactoferrin ELISA for murine feces to quantify intestinal inflammation in mice with enteric infections or colitis. Levels of fecal lactoferrin, a protein secreted by activated neutrophils, were consistent with neutrophil infiltration as assessed by histology, indicating that this fecal lactoferrin ELISA is a good alternative to histology. The fecal lactoferrin ELISA provides a non-invasive, quantitative assessment of intestinal inflammation, which should facilitate longitudinal studies of the development of and/or therapies reducing intestinal inflammation in individual mice and reduce the number of mice needed for such studies.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Colitis; Detergents; Dextran Sulfate; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feces; Female; Gastroenteritis; Intestine, Small; Lactoferrin; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neutrophils; Reproducibility of Results; Salmonella Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; Yersinia Infections; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections

In this paper, recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLf) was expressed very well using Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis baculovirus expression system. Infection of silkworm larvae with recombinant virus, vBm-hLf, the rhLf was efficiently secreted into larvae hemolymph and the concentration of product purified was about 65 microg/ml. The isolated rhLf molecular mass was approximately 78 kDa, lower than that of the human lactoferrin (hLf) standards, which may be due to incomplete glycosylation or protein degradation. Furthermore, the rhLf was characterized and its biological activities were evaluated by in vivo bioassay using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model that mimics some characteristics of colitis disease in human. We conclude that silkworm expression system can be used successfully to express functional human lactoferrin.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Bombyx; Colitis; Female; Genetic Enhancement; Humans; Lactoferrin; Larva; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Protein Engineering; Treatment Outcome

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of orally administered human lactoferrin (hLF) and two peptides, based on the bactericidal region of hLF (HLD1 and HLD2), on the course of experimental colitis. Acute colitis was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by giving 5% dextran sulphate (DX) in the drinking water. The mice were killed after 2 or 7 days of DX exposure. The animals were given hLF or the peptides orally twice a day (2 mg/dose/mouse) during the DX exposure. In the control animals, the hLF or the peptides were replaced by bovine serum albumin or water. The appearance of occult blood in the faeces and macroscopic rectal bleeding were significantly delayed and partly reduced in the hLF-treated animals compared with the control animals. The shortening of the colon, a pathological effect of DX exposure, was significantly less pronounced in the hLF-treated group compared with the control group. Also, the interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels in the blood were significantly diminished in this group after 2 days of DX exposure. A significantly lower crypt score was observed in the distal part of the colon in the hLF-treated group compared with the control group. Also, significantly reduced numbers of CD4 cells, F4/80-positive macrophages and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-producing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in the distal colon of the hLF-treated animals compared with the control animals after 7 days of DX exposure. A reduction was also observed concerning the IL-10-producing cells in the middle colonic submucosa. The HLD1 and HLD2 treatment, which was carried out for 2 days, only gave results almost identical to those of hLF, concerning clinical parameters after the 2 days of DX exposure. An even stronger effect was observed for HLD2, regarding decreased occult blood in the faeces and colon length. Our results show that perorally given hLF mediates anti-inflammatory effects on the DX-induced acute colitis, and further suggest that the bactericidal region of the hLF molecule may be involved in these activities.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Humans; Lactoferrin; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Time Factors

The natural immunomodulator, lactoferrin, is widespread among various biological fluids and is known to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. However, there has been only one study that examined the mode of action of lactoferrin in reducing intestinal damage. We investigated the therapeutic role of lactoferrin and its effect on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, by using a rat model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced-colitis.. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given distilled drinking water containing 2.5% (wt/vol) synthetic DSS ad libitum. Bovine lactoferrin was given once daily through gavage, starting 3 days before beginning the DSS administration, until death. The whole colon was removed to be examined macroscopically and histologically. Myeloperoxidase activity, and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the colonic tissue were also measured.. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was attenuated by oral administration of lactoferrin in a dose-dependent manner, as reflected by improvement in clinical disease activity index, white blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, macroscopic and histological scores, and myeloperoxidase activity. Reduced inflammation in response to lactoferrin was correlated with the significant induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, and with significant reductions in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.. We concluded that oral administration of lactoferrin exerts a protective effect against the development of colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine imbalance. Lactoferrin has potential as a new therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cattle; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lactoferrin; Male; Peroxidase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Natural immunomodulator lactoferrin is known to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. However, there have been no studies that examine the mode of action of lactoferrin in reducing intestinal damage. We investigated the effect of lactoferrin on a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rats. Bovine lactoferrin was given once daily through gavage, starting 3 days before (preventive mode) or just after TNBS administration (treatment mode) until death. The distal colon was removed to be examined. Colitis was attenuated by lactoferrin via both modes in a dose-dependent manner, as reflected by improvement in macroscopic and histological scores and myeloperoxidase activity. Lactoferrin caused significant induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, significant reductions in the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta, and downregulation of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. We concluded that lactoferrin exerts a protective effect against colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine imbalance. Lactoferrin has potential as a new therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Immune System; Lactoferrin; Male; NF-kappa B; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid

Topics: Colitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Lactoferrin