lactoferrin and Stomatitis

Feline lymphocytic-plasmacytic gingivitis/stomatitis (LPGS) or caudal stomatitis is an inflammatory disease that causes painfully erosive lesions and proliferations of the oral mucosa. The disease is difficult to cure and can affect cats at an early age, resulting in lifetime therapy. In this study, a new treatment using a combination of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) oral spray and oral piroxicam was investigated using a randomized double-blinded clinical trial in 13 cats with caudal stomatitis. Oral lesion grading and scoring of clinical signs were conducted during and after the trial to assess treatment outcome. Oral mucosal biopsies were used to evaluate histological changes during and after treatment. Clinical signs were significantly improved in 77% of the cats. In a 4-week study, clinical signs were considerably ameliorated by oral piroxicam during the first 2 weeks. In a 12-week study, the combined bLf oral spray and piroxicam, when compared with piroxicam alone, exhibited an enhanced effect that reduced the severity of the oral lesions (P = 0.059), while also significantly improving clinical signs (P <0.05), quality of life (P <0.05), and weight gain (P <0.05). The remission of oral inflammation was closely correlated with the decreased number of macrophages (OR = 4.719, P < 0.05). There was no detectable influence on liver or kidney function during a 12-week assessment. It was concluded that combining oral bLf spray and piroxicam was safe and might be used to decrease the clinical signs of caudal stomatitis in cats.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aerosols; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cat Diseases; Cats; Double-Blind Method; Lactoferrin; Piroxicam; Stomatitis

To compare subcutaneously given molgramostim (GM-CSF) and sucralfate mouth washings to sucralfate mouth washings in prevention of radiation-induced mucositis.. Forty head and neck cancer patients were randomly assigned to use either GM-CSF and sucralfate (n = 20) or sucralfate alone (n = 20) during radiotherapy. Sucralfate was used as 1.0 g mouth washing 6 times daily after the first 10 Gy of radiotherapy, and 150-300 microg GM-CSF was given subcutaneously. The grade of radiation mucositis and blood cell counts were monitored weekly. Salivary lactoferrin was measured as a surrogate marker for oral mucositis.. We found no significant difference between the molgramostim and the control groups in the oral mucositis grade, oral pain, use of analgesic drugs, weight loss, or survival. The median maximum neutrophil counts (median, 9.2 x 10(9)/L vs. 5.9 x 10(9)/L, p = 0.0005), eosinophil counts (median, 1.3 x 10(9)/L vs. 0.2 x 10(9)/L, p = 0.0004), and salivary lactoferrin concentrations were higher in patients who received GM-CSF. The most common toxicities in the GM-CSF plus sucralfate group were skin reactions at the GM-CSF injection site (65%), fever (30%), bone pain (25%), and nausea (15%), whereas the toxicity of sucralfate given alone was minimal.. We found no evidence indicating that subcutaneously given GM-CSF reduces the severity of radiation-induced mucositis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antifungal Agents; Biomarkers; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Female; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lactoferrin; Leukopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Patient Selection; Prospective Studies; Radiation Injuries; Radiation-Protective Agents; Saliva; Stomatitis; Sucralfate

To evaluate the value of sucralfate mouth washings in prevention of radiation-induced mucositis.. Forty patients with head and neck cancer were randomized to use either sucralfate mouth washing 1 g six times daily during irradiation (n = 20) or to placebo washing (n = 20). Mouth washing was started at the beginning of radiation therapy and continued to the end of the therapy (7-10 weeks). Assessment of the degree of radiation mucositis and collection of stimulated saliva samples were done weekly during the therapy. Salivary lactoferrin and albumin, suggested markers for the degree of mucositis, were analyzed from stimulated whole saliva samples.. All patients developed radiation-induced mucositis of varying degree after irradiation of about 30 Gy. No difference in the visually assessed degree of mucositis or oral pain reported by the patients was found between the study and the control groups. However, the patients treated with sucralfate used less anesthetic mouth washing and their salivary lactoferrin and albumin levels were lower.. Although the trial produced no direct clinical evidence indicating that sucralfate mouth rinses prevent radiation-induced mucositis, the decrease in the salivary lactoferrin and albumin levels suggests that sucralfate has a slight protective effect on the oral mucosa.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Placebos; Prospective Studies; Radiation Injuries; Salivary Glands; Stomatitis; Sucralfate

One explorative observational study in two parts was performed to examine early salivary changes in relation to oral mucositis (OM) in multiple myeloma patients treated with high-dose melphalan and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As cryotherapy was introduced after part A as regular care, its effect on OM could be evaluated.. Unstimulated whole-mouth saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole-mouth saliva (SWS) were collected, and OM was scored with the Oral Mucositis Nursing Instrument (OMNI) at days -3, 0, 4, 7, 11 and 14 after HSCT. Salivary flow rate, total protein (BCA), mucin 5B, albumin (western blot), total IgA, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase levels (ELISA) were determined.. Trends of decreasing UWS and SWS flow rates and total IgA levels were observed. At days 7 and 11, increases in lactoferrin and albumin levels were found in UWS and SWS. A positive correlation was found between OMNI scores and albumin and lactoferrin levels in SWS (R. Compositional changes in saliva reflecting inflammation were found in the first days after HSCT, and the use of cryotherapy in the second part was associated with decreased OM severity.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Albumins; Cryotherapy; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Lactoferrin; Male; Melphalan; Middle Aged; Mucin-5B; Multiple Myeloma; Myeloablative Agonists; Peroxidase; Saliva; Severity of Illness Index; Stomatitis; Transplantation, Autologous

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the local oral defense mechanisms during the course of leukemia, and to define the correlation between the activity of salivary antibacterial factors and the oral clinical findings.. A total of 44 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia participated in the study. The control group consisted of 23 healthy children. The examination took place at the time of the diagnosis, and during and at the end of the chemotherapy treatment course. During the collection of resting mixed saliva samples the salivary flow rate was measured. In the saliva's supernatant the following parameters were determined: total protein, peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory immunoglobulin A.. The introduction of chemotherapy caused a slight decrease of salivary secretion rate (P < .05), as well as the decrease of S-IgA concentration (P < .01), which remained at the same level after the end of chemotherapy (P < .001). Patients with aplasia had decreased levels of peroxidase (P = .014) and myeloperoxidase (P = .013). Patients with oral mucositis presented with lower myeloperoxidase (P = .026) and peroxidase (P = .003) activity levels as well as the drop of S-IgA (P = .000) concentration compared with subjects with no mucositis.. Antileukemic treatment contributes to the compromise of salivary defense mechanisms, therefore it is reasonable to support pharmacologically the saliva's antibacterial potential of leukemic patients to impede the development of local infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Lactoferrin; Leukemia; Male; Mucositis; Muramidase; Opportunistic Infections; Peroxidase; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Secretory Rate; Stomatitis

Feline calicivirus (FCV) shedding and oral bacterial flora were monitored over a period of 22 months in a case of feline gingivostomatitis (FGS). The cat was treated daily with 50 mg thalidomide capsules by mouth, and 200 mg lactoferrin powder was applied directly to the lesions. Clinical signs began to resolve after 11 months when, in addition to treatment, the diet had been changed to an additive-free cat food supplemented with antioxidant vitamins A, D3 and E. Resolution of clinical signs of FGS coincided with the cessation of FCV shedding, and this is the first report documenting such an association. Which part of the treatment, if any, contributed to the cure requires further investigation.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Calicivirus, Feline; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chronic Disease; Diet; Gingival Diseases; Lactoferrin; Male; Pasteurella multocida; Stomatitis; Thalidomide

Bovine lactoferrin was applied topically to the oral mucosa of Syrian hamsters and assessed for its ability to decrease the severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Results indicated that the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered to hamsters on days 0 and 2 produced severe leukopenia between days 4 and 7 of the trial, and that severity of oral mucositis coincided with the suppressed immune state in these animals. Bovine lactoferrin applied continuously to oral wounds in hamsters induced by a combination of chemotherapy treatment and mild abrasion of the cheek pouch, failed to decrease the severity of mouth ulcers relative to a group receiving BSA as a control protein source. Hamster cheek pouches treated twice daily with lactoferrin had a significantly worse condition score between days 6 and 8, and days 12 and 13 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), a higher ulcer score between days 6 and 15 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and larger ulcer area between days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) compared to animals administered the control protein. Body weight changes between treatment and control groups showed no significant difference over the trial period. In contrast to the pre-study hypothesis, we report a detrimental effect from topical administration of bovine lactoferrin to the wounded oral mucosa of immunocompromised hamsters.

Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Cheek; Cricetinae; Drug Evaluation; Fluorouracil; Immunocompromised Host; Lactoferrin; Leukopenia; Mesocricetus; Mouth Mucosa; Stomatitis; Wound Healing

To study the effects of oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (LF) on intractable stomatitis in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive and FIV-negative cats, and phagocytosis of neutrophils in healthy and ill cats, simultaneously.. 7 ill cats with diagnosis of intractable stomatitis (4 FIV positive and 3 FIV negative) and 7 healthy, FIV-negative cats.. LF (40 mg/kg ot body weight) was applied topically to the oral mucosa of cats with intractable stomatitis daily for 14 days and improvement of clinical signs of disease (pain-related response, salivation, appetite, and oral inflammation), expressed by scoring from 1 to 4, were evaluated. Assay of neutrophil phagocytosis was examined before and 2 weeks after starting LF treatment, using nonopsonized hydrophilic polymer particles (2 microns).. Oral administration of LF improved intractable stomatitis in all 4 respects. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils increased after LF treatment. This effect was observed in healthy and ill (FIV positive and FIV negative) cats.. Oral administration of LF improved intractable stomatitis and concurrently enhanced the host defense system. Topical application of LF to oral mucous membrane is useful as a treatment for intractable stomatitis even in FIV-positive cats.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cats; Cattle; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Female; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Lactoferrin; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Neutrophils; Orchiectomy; Phagocytosis; Stomatitis