lactoferrin and angiogenin

Degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) occurs during extracorporeal circulation. A degranulation-inhibiting protein identical to angiogenin was recently isolated from high-flux dialyzer ultrafiltrate. This protein inhibits the release of lactoferrin and metalloproteinases from PMNL in vitro. In the present study, we investigated end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatment with either high-flux dialyzers (n = 51) or low-flux dialyzers (n = 44), and chronically uremic patients undergoing hemodiafiltration (n = 30). Hemodialysis therapy with low-flux polysulfone or cellulose triacetate membranes caused no or only minimal reduction (

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azo Compounds; Cell Degranulation; Cellulose; Extracorporeal Circulation; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lactoferrin; Leukocyte Elastase; Male; Membranes, Artificial; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Polymers; Renal Dialysis; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Sulfones

Herein we review commercial bovine lactoferrin quality issues by describing an example of industrial production, the current status of global quality standardization, and quality-activity concerns for further discussion. Morinaga Milk Industry has been industrially producing bovine lactoferrin in Milei GmbH, Germany, since 1989. We delineate its production and quality as an example of safe and high-quality manufacturing. Currently, global standardization in the quality of bovine lactoferrin is progressing through Novel Food and GRAS in the EU and USA, respectively. Novel Food was applied or notified to seven lactoferrin manufacturers and GRAS was notified to three manufacturers, two of which are for infant use and one is for adult use, by the end of 2017. The specifications of these regulations are relatively high, including more than 95% lactoferrin purity in protein, which means that such companies can supply relatively high-grade lactoferrin. There appear to be several concerns regarding lactoferrin quality affecting activities, including contamination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and angiogenin, purity, and degradation of lactoferrin sample. Although LPS is immunologically toxic when invading the body, it is distributed normally in foods and the gut. However, an industrial lactoferrin sample may contain LPS at a maximum LPS/lactoferrin molecule ratio = 1/1724, which means 99.9% of the lactoferrin molecule is LPS-free. It is difficult to speculate that LPS contained in a lactoferrin sample affects its activities. Finally in order to achieve good and reproducible results, we make proposals to researchers a use of high-grade lactoferrin, careful storage, and indication the manufacturers' names and specifications in the paper.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Lactoferrin; Lipopolysaccharides; Quality Control; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a poorly understood chronic immune disorder for which there is no medical cure. Milk and colostrum are rich sources of bioactives with immunomodulatory properties. Here we compared the therapeutic effects of oral delivery of bovine milk-derived iron-saturated lactoferrin (Fe-bLF), angiogenin, osteopontin (OPN), colostrum whey protein, Modulen IBD (Nestle Healthsciences, Rhodes, Australia), and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched milk fat in a mouse model of dextran sulfate-induced colitis. The CLA-enriched milk fat significantly increased mouse body weights after 24d of treatment, reduced epithelium damage, and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and nitrous oxide. Modulen IBD most effectively decreased the clinical score at d 12, and Modulen IBD and OPN most effectively lowered the inflammatory score. Myeloperoxidase activity that denotes neutrophil infiltration was significantly lower in mice fed Modulen IBD, OPN, angiogenin, and Fe-bLF. A significant decrease in the numbers of T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and a significant decrease in cytokine expression were observed in mice fed the treatment diets compared with dextran sulfate administered mice. The Fe-bLF, CLA-enriched milk fat, and Modulen IBD inhibited intestinal angiogenesis. In summary, each of the milk components attenuated IBD in mice, but with differing effectiveness against specific disease parameters.

Topics: Animals; Australia; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Colostrum; Cytokines; Dairy Products; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins; Lactoferrin; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Lipid Droplets; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Milk; Milk Proteins; Nitrous Oxide; Osteopontin; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Whey Proteins

A variety of milk proteins including lactoferrin, angiogenin-1, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, lactoperoxidase, casein and the novel whey proteins lactogenin and glycolactin were tested for inhibitory activity toward human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase. Lactoferrin exerted the most potent inhibitory action with an IC50 of about 6 microM. Lactoperoxidase, lactogenin, angiogenin-1 and glycolactin inhibited HIV-1 RT activity with decreasing potencies. Beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and casein displayed little or no inhibitory effect. Succinylation with succinic anhydride augmented the inhibitory effect of glycolactin, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, casein and human lactoferrin. The inhibitory effect of the various milk proteins on the activities of alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase was meager. Succinylation tended to increase the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitory effect of milk proteins but neither their beta-glucosidase-inhibitory nor beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory effect was affected.

Topics: Animals; beta-Glucosidase; Caseins; Cattle; Glucuronidase; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Humans; Lactalbumin; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Lactoperoxidase; Milk; Milk Proteins; Milk, Human; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Succinates