lactoferrin and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-1

Metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus and obesity may compromise the fertility of men and women. To unveil disease-associated proteomic changes potentially affecting male fertility, the proteomes of sperm cells from type-1 diabetic, type-2 diabetic, non-diabetic obese and clinically healthy individuals were comparatively analyzed by difference gel electrophoresis. The adaptation of a general protein extraction procedure to the solubilization of proteins from sperm cells allowed for the resolution of 3187 fluorescent spots in the difference gel electrophoresis image of the master gel, which contained the entirety of solubilized sperm proteins. Comparison of the pathological and reference proteomes by applying an average abundance ratio setting of 1.6 and a p ≤ 0.05 criterion resulted in the identification of 79 fluorescent spots containing proteins that were present at significantly changed levels in the sperm cells. Biometric evaluation of the fluorescence data followed by mass spectrometric protein identification revealed altered levels of 12, 71, and 13 protein species in the proteomes of the type-1 diabetic, type-2 diabetic, and non-diabetic obese patients, respectively, with considerably enhanced amounts of the same set of one molecular form of semenogelin-1, one form of clusterin, and two forms of lactotransferrin in each group of pathologic samples. Remarkably, β-galactosidase-1-like protein was the only protein that was detected at decreased levels in all three pathologic situations. The former three proteins are part of the eppin (epididymal proteinase inhibitor) protein complex, which is thought to fulfill fertilization-related functions, such as ejaculate sperm protection, motility regulation and gain of competence for acrosome reaction, whereas the putative role of the latter protein to function as a glycosyl hydrolase during sperm maturation remains to be explored at the protein/enzyme level. The strikingly similar differences detected in the three groups of pathological sperm proteomes reflect a disease-associated enhanced formation of predominantly proteolytically modified forms of three eppin protein complex components, possibly as a response to enduring hyperglycemia and enhanced oxidative stress.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cell Shape; Clusterin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Infertility, Male; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Multiprotein Complexes; Obesity; Protein Isoforms; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; Proteome; Reference Standards; Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis; Young Adult

Antibacterial immunity in diabetes is impaired, which increases the risk of general and local infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate non-specific local antibacterial immunity based on lactoferrin and lysozyme concentration in tears in children with diabetes type 1.. Children at the age of 10-18 years old were studied. Group 1. consisted of children without diabetes, group 2. included patients with new onset of diabetes and group 3. consisted of children with decade-long diabetes. Among all patients tears were collected from inferior coniunctival fornix with hematocrit glass capillaries in purpose to measure lactoferrin and lysozyme concentration. ELISA method was used in laboratory testing.. Level of lactoferrin did not differ significantly among all groups. Concentration of lysozyme was statistically lower in group with decade-long diabetes (group 3.) compared to patients without diabetes. Mild correlation between lactoferrin and lysozyme levels was seen in individual patients in whole group of probands together.. Diabetes type 1 in children is associated with significant changes in concentration of tear proteins, which contribute to antibacterial immunity.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Proteins; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase

Histopathological analysis has demonstrated lymphocytic infiltration in both the endocrine and the exocrine pancreas in some patients with type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism which affects both diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis.. The examination of exocrine pancreatic humoral markers in Caucasian patients with respect to the interactions between exocrine and endocrine pancreatic diseases.. One hundred and thirty-six European Caucasian subjects subdivided into three groups: type 1 diabetes (n=48); non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (n=48); controls (n=40).. Autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase II (CAIIAb) and lactoferrin (LACAb) (both of which are exocrine pancreatic antigens) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. No positivity for CAIIAb and LACAb were found in the controls. Patients with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of CAIIAb (25.0%) than the controls while the prevalence of LACAb (8.3%) was not significantly higher than the controls. The prevalence of CAIIAb (12.5%) and LACAb (20.8%) in the patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis was significantly higher than that in the controls. A significantly higher prevalence of CAIIAb and/or LACAb was found in patients with type 1 diabetes (29.2%) and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (22.9%) compared to that in the controls (0%). There was a significant association between CAIIAb and LACAb titers both in patients with type 1 diabetes (P=0.042) and in patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (P<0.001).. We have clearly demonstrated that some European Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis have autoantibodies against the exocrine pancreatic antigens CAIIAb and LACAb.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Europe; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Humans; Lactoferrin; Middle Aged; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Prospective Studies; Radioimmunoassay; White People; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Alleles; Antibody Specificity; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Genes, MHC Class II; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamate Decarboxylase; HLA Antigens; HLA-DQ Antigens; HLA-DQ beta-Chains; HLA-DR Antigens; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Japan; Lactoferrin; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Pancreas, Exocrine; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8

Recently, the high prevalence of autoantibodies against antigens expressed in exocrine pancreatic cells such as carbonic anhydrase II (ACA) and lactoferrin (ALF) was found in sera from adult Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes. Hence, we determined by ELISA the presence of ACA and ALF both in children (n = 27) and adult (n = 15) Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes at diagnosis. Among children, ACA were found in one patient (3.7%) and ALF in three (11.1%). Among adults, CAA and ALF were detected in three patients (20%) and in one patient (6.7%), respectively. The prevalence of ACA and ALF observed in our Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes at diagnosis did not reach the high value previously reported in adult Japanese patients.

Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Italy; Lactoferrin; Male; Prevalence; White People

Dysfunction of the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas has been reported in type 1 diabetes. Lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine pancreas is observed in approximately half of Japanese type 1 diabetic patients.. To investigate the involvement of autoimmunity against the exocrine pancreas in type 1 diabetes.. We examined autoantibodies against human carbonic anhydrase II (ACA) and lactoferrin (ALF), antigens in the pancreatic duct cells and the pancreatic acinus, respectively, in 43 type 1 diabetic patients and 20 type 2 diabetic patients using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.. Of 43 type 1 diabetic patients, ACA was detected in 28 patients (65%) and ALF was detected in 29 patients (67%). One or both of the antibodies were detected in 33 type 1 diabetic patients (77%). In contrast, neither ACA nor ALF were detected in type 2 diabetic patients.. The high prevalence of both ACA and ALF strongly suggests the involvement of autoimmunity against the exocrine pancreas as well as the endocrine pancreas in some type 1 diabetic patients. We propose that these conditions be referred to as autoimmune exocrinopathy and endocrinopathy of the pancreas.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Autoantibodies; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Japan; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Ducts

The incidence of Type 1 diabetes is lower in Iceland than in the other 4 Nordic Countries. Earlier studies have showed that the cow milk proteins A1 and B beta-casein, suggested to be diabetogenic, are in lower amount in Icelandic cow milk than in milk from the other 4 Nordic Countries, and the per capita consumption of these proteins correlates with the incidence of Type 1 diabetes.. To investigate whether lower consumption of the cow milk protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) (suggested to be diabetogenic) or higher consumption of immunoglobulin (Ig) or lactoferrin (LF) (suggested to be protective) is related to the lower incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Iceland.. The per capita consumption of milk proteins was calculated from an international database on consumption of milk and milk products and from the analysis of cow's milk samples. The samples were randomly collected from the largest consumption areas in Iceland and in the other 4 Nordic Countries.. The per capita consumption of BSA was higher in Iceland (0.79 +/- 0.02 g/person per day) (mean +/- SEM) than in the other 4 Nordic Countries (0.43 +/- 0.05 g/person per day) (p = 0.025). The per capita consumption of Ig was also higher in Iceland than in the other 4 Nordic Countries (p = 0.025), while the consumption of LF was similar. Consumption of these 3 individual milk proteins did not correlate with the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in the 5 countries studied.. Consumption of BSA, Ig or LF does not seem to explain the lower incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Iceland, compared with the other 4 Nordic Countries, while A1 and B beta-casein may contribute to varying diabetogenicity of cow's milk and explain the difference in incidence of Type 1 diabetes.

Topics: Animals; Caseins; Cattle; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Finland; Humans; Iceland; Immunoglobulins; Lactoferrin; Milk Proteins; Norway; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Sweden

Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Carbonic Anhydrases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas

Unstimulated saliva was fractionated by micro two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the proteins visualized by silver staining and immunostaining. The subjects with Sjögren's syndrome exhibited both quantitative and qualitative alterations in the protein composition of the saliva not only from the parotid gland but also from the submandibular/sublingual glands.

Topics: Albumins; alpha-Amylases; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Parotitis; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sialadenitis; Sjogren's Syndrome

The tear lactoferrin content and the tear secretion rate was determined in 105 normal subjects (age range: 15-93 years) and 21 diabetic patients (age 21-78 years). Tear sampling was performed using glass capillaries and the lactoferrin concentration in tears was tested employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tear secretion rate was measured using standardized Halberg filter paper placed in the inferior fornix for 5 min. The lactoferrin level of normal tears showed a significant inverse correlation with age, the mean value of the 8th decade (0.81 mg/ml) constituting only about half the value of the lactoferrin level found in the 3rd decade (1.48 mg/ml). The tear secretion rate also displayed a significant decrease with age, but no correlation could be demonstrated between the tear secretion rate and lactoferrin concentration. No difference was found in lactoferrin level between men and women. We were not able to demonstrate any correlation between lactoferrin content of tears and the duration of diabetes in the 21 diabetic subjects, and there was no difference between the level of lactoferrin in normal tears compared to the concentration in diabetic tears. No difference was found between the tear secretion rate in normals and in diabetics.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Tears