pidotimod profile

pidotimod: RN given refers to compound with unspecified stereochemistry [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	65944
CHEMBL ID	1488165
CHEBI ID	94618
SCHEMBL ID	138407
MeSH ID	M0178639

Synonyms (81)

Synonym
AC-3493
timodolic acid
onaka
pigitil
polimod
axil
pgt/1a
thymodolic acid
pidotimod
pidotimod (inn)
121808-62-6
pilimod (tn)
D07261
MLS001423953
MLS000759528
smr000466390
NCGC00160516-01
pidotimodum [inn-latin]
(r)-3-((s)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)-thiazolidin-4-carbonsaeure [german]
brn 6636310
pidotomod
(r-(r,s))-3-((5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
(r)-3-((s)-5-oxoprolyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
pidotimod [inn]
ccris 7271
4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid, 3-((5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)-, (r-(r,s))-
MLS001216453
HMS2051C04
(4r)-3-[(2s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
MLS001032108
(4r)-3-[[(2s)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
(4r)-3-[(2s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid;pidotimod
A804790
pidotimodum
(r)-3-((s)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)-thiazolidin-4-carbonsaeure
nsc 759841
unii-785363r681
785363r681 ,
tox21_111865
dtxsid0046199 ,
cas-121808-62-6
dtxcid8026199
pharmakon1600-01502322
nsc759841
nsc-759841
(r)-3-((s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
HMS2231M03
pilimod
CHEMBL1488165
CCG-100832
AKOS015896354
S3106
pidotimod [who-dd]
pidotimod [mart.]
pidotimod [mi]
AB00639966-08
SCHEMBL138407
NC00082
4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid, 3-[[(2s)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-, (4r)-
AM90280
KS-5229
J-502193
HY-B0944
P2147
(r)-3-[[(s)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
AB00639966_11
AB00639966_10
DB11364
CHEBI:94618
(4r)-3-[oxo-[(2s)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
mfcd00867583
pidotimod, >=98% (hplc)
NCGC00160516-03
HMS3715H06
(4r)-3-{[(2s)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
SW197462-2
BCP05222
Q3902720
BP164260
pidotimod - bio-x
(4r)-3-{[(2s)-5-oxotetrahydro-1h-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazolane-4-carboxylic acid

Research Excerpts

Overview

Excerpt	Reference
"Pidotimod (PDT) is a synthetic dipeptide molecule which can improve immune responses in mice and humans, protecting hosts from infection. "	( Ding, L; Feng, CG; Luo, K; Oehlers, SH, 2022)
"Pidotimod is a synthetic dipeptide with biological and immuno‑modulatory properties. "	( Fu, AK; Fu, LQ; Hu, SL; Li, WF; Li, YL; Wang, YY; Wu, YP, 2017)
"Pidotimod is a synthetic substance capable of stimulating both cellular and humoral immunity."	( Huang, B; Huang, S; Kasper, LH; Li, YQ; Lu, F; Lun, ZR; Shen, J; Wang, Y; Zhao, Y; Zheng, H, 2013)
"Pidotimod is a synthetic dipeptide with biological and immunological activity in innate immune responses. "	( Du, W; Fu, A; Fu, X; Hu, S; Ji, J; Li, W, 2014)
"Pidotimod is a synthetic immunostimulant."	( Artusio, L; Caimmi, S; De Amici, M; Licari, A; Marseglia, A; Marseglia, GL; Nigrisoli, S, 2014)
"Pidotimod is a molecule with immunomodulatory activity on both innate and adaptive immune responses; it also has the capacity to modulate the function of the respiratory epithelial cells through the activation of a NK-KB pathway which would involve the host-virus interaction."	( Buongiorno, A; Pierossi, N, 2015)
"Pidotimod is a synthetic substance capable of modulating immune cell functions, but the effect of pidotimod on human DCs has not been investigated yet."	( Avolio, M; Becker, PD; Caruso, A; Fiorentini, S; Giagulli, C; Guzman, CA; Noerder, M, 2009)

Effects

Excerpt	Reference
"Pidotimod has been suggested as a new potential treatment in PFAPA syndrome for its immunodulatory effects."	( Barone, P; Filosco, F; Finocchiaro, GG; Giugno, A; Leonardi, S; Manti, S; Papale, M; Parisi, GF, 2020)

Actions

Excerpt	Reference
"Pidotimod can inhibit activation of latent Toxoplasma gondii infection induced by dexamethasone in mice. "	( Chen, H; Huo, XX; Kong, LT; Li, M; Shen, JL; Wang, WW; Zhang, Q, 2013)

Treatment

Excerpt	Reference
"Pidotimod treatment was able of significantly reducing the number of children with upper and lower airways symptoms, and medications use, increasing school attendance, and reducing pediatric visits for RRI."	( Artusio, L; Caimmi, S; De Amici, M; Licari, A; Marseglia, A; Marseglia, GL; Nigrisoli, S, 2014)

Class	Description
peptide	Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.4127	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743042
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0052	10.8652	35.4813	AID686970
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID1454
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (20)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	50 (45.45)	18.2507
2000's	8 (7.27)	29.6817
2010's	36 (32.73)	24.3611
2020's	16 (14.55)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	36 (29.51%)	5.53%
Reviews	8 (6.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (2.46%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	75 (61.48%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pidotimod in Children With Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections (RRI), A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial (P-CRESCENT)[NCT04322669]			Phase 4	338 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-04	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Description	Relationhip Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid	[no description available]	medium	111	32	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
thiazolidines	[no description available]	medium	111	32	thiazolidine
resveratrol	[no description available]	medium	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
pulmicort	[no description available]	medium	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
cholecalciferol	[no description available]	medium	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
betamethasone	[no description available]	medium	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
ovalbumin	[no description available]	medium	2	0
enkephalin, methionine	[no description available]	medium	1	0
interleukin-8	[no description available]	medium	2	0
levofloxacin	[no description available]	medium	1	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
thiazolyl blue	[no description available]	medium	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thiazoles	[no description available]	medium	57	20	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
adenine	[no description available]	medium	1	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adefovir	[no description available]	medium	1	1	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
organophosphonates	[no description available]	medium	1	1	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
ascorbic acid	[no description available]	medium	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
mesalamine	[no description available]	medium	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ranitidine	[no description available]	medium	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
omeprazole	[no description available]	medium	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
bromocriptine	[no description available]	medium	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
rabeprazole	[no description available]	medium	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
prednisolone	[no description available]	medium	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
dinitrochlorobenzene	[no description available]	medium	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
calcimycin	[no description available]	medium	1	0	benzoxazole
methylprednisolone	[no description available]	medium	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
urea	[no description available]	medium	1	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dapi	[no description available]	medium	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate	[no description available]	medium	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
acetonitrile	[no description available]	medium	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
potassium phosphate	[no description available]	medium	1	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
enkephalin, leucine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
2-[[2-formamido-4-(methylthio)-1-oxobutyl]amino]propanoic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
n-formylmethionylphenylalanine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
substance p	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
enalkiren	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
kynostatin 272	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
terlakiren	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
kni 102	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
cefpimizole	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
aspoxicillin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
pro-diazepam	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
moexipril	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
mci 9038	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
leucylleucine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
diprotin a	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
fk 888	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
calpain inhibitor 2	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
t-kinin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
3-(n-maleimidopropionyl)biocytin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
cefbuperazone	[no description available]	low	0	0	cephalosporin; peptide
endothelin (16-21)	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
n-valyltryptophan	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
neurotensin (1-8)	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide zwitterion; peptide	human metabolite
alanylaspartic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
fibrin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
n-carbobenzoxyglycylproline	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
bq 485	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
teprotide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
ro 09-1437	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[2-[[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-4-ylethyl]-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-furancarboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[2-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-4-ylethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-furancarboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[1-[(1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-tert-butyl-N-[2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)propanamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[2-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-[2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-4-ylethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-furancarboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[2-(4-chloro-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]anilino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-furancarboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
2-[(2-acetamido-1-oxoethyl)amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid ethyl ester	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
deltorphin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
angiotensin iii, 5-ile-	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[2-[butyl-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-4-ylethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
2-[[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-thiophen-2-ylethyl]-[1-oxo-2-[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid ethyl ester	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
N-[2-[[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-thiophen-2-ylethyl]-(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-furancarboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-[[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]amino]propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (phenylmethyl) ester	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
2-[(2-acetamido-1-oxoethyl)amino]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
mureidomycin a	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
kallidin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
delapril	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
(2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
l 685458	[no description available]	low	0	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
alvimopan anhydrous	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
leucokinin i	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
s-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
cyanoginosin-la	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
(3aS,6aS)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
lenampicillin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
glycyl-alanyl-leucine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
leucyl-leucine-methyl ester	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
valyl-valyl-valine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
(3S)-N-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
ly 450139	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
flag peptide	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
l 692585	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
deltorphin i, ala(2)-	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
eledoisin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
icg 001	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
darinaparsin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
ubenimex	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
rhizocticin a	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
(2S)-2-[[[1-[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino]-1-oxobutyl]-4-piperidinyl]-oxomethyl]amino]-2-phenylacetic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
(2R)-2-[[(3S)-3-acetamido-3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl]amino]pentanedioic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
alamandine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
(3S)-3-[[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(4-amino-3-chlorophenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]-2-pyrrolidinyl]-oxomethyl]amino]-3-cyanopropanoic acid	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
tuftsin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
microcystin	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
thiocoraline	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
glutamyl-valyl-glycine	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide
prolyl-glycyl-proline	[no description available]	low	0	0	peptide

Article	Year
Efficacy and Safety of Pidotimod in Persistent Asthma: A Randomized Triple-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial. Indian pediatrics, Mar-15, Volume: 59, Issue: 3	2022
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in children. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

pidotimod

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (81)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (20)

Research

Studies (110)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (3)

Long-term Use (1)

Pharmacokinetics (7)

Bioavailability (6)

Dosage (6)

Interactions (3)

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease	low	3	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection	low	3	0
2019-nCoV Disease	low	3	0
2019-nCoV Infection	low	3	0
47,XX,+21	medium	3	1
47,XY,+21	medium	3	1
Abnormalities, Autosome	low	1	0
Abnormalities, Chromosomal	low	1	0
Abnormalities, Chromosome	low	1	0
Acute Disease	medium	4	2
Adenitis	medium	2	1
Aging	low	4	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic	low	2	0
Allergic Reaction	low	3	0
Allergic Rhinitis	medium	2	1
Allergy	low	3	0
Allergy, Food	low	1	0
Anemia, Fanconi	low	1	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome	medium	2	1
Aphthae	medium	2	1
Asthma	medium	5	1
Asthma, Bronchial	medium	5	1
Autoimmune Urticaria	low	1	0
Autosome Abnormalities	low	1	0
Bacterial Disease	medium	6	1
Bacterial Infection	medium	6	1
Bacterial Infections	medium	6	1
Benign Neoplasms	medium	2	1
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis	medium	1	1
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction	medium	1	1
Body Weight	low	1	0
Bronchial Asthma	medium	5	1
Bronchitis	medium	4	4
Cancer	medium	2	1
Canker Sore	medium	2	1
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung	low	1	0
Cardiovirus Infections	low	1	0
Chromosomal Aberrations	low	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation	low	1	0
Chromosome Aberrations	low	1	0
Chromosome Abnormalities	low	1	0
Chronic Airflow Obstruction	low	2	0
Chronic Autoimmune Urticaria	low	1	0
Chronic Disease	medium	5	3
Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria	low	1	0
Chronic Illness	medium	5	3
Chronic Inducible Urticaria	low	1	0
Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease	low	2	0
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease	low	2	0
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	low	2	0
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases	low	2	0
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria	low	1	0
Chronic Urticaria	low	1	0
Chronically Ill	medium	5	3
CIndU	low	1	0
COAD	low	2	0
Community Acquired Infection	medium	2	2
Community-Acquired Infection	medium	2	2
Community-Acquired Infections	medium	2	2
Condylomata Acuminata	medium	1	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome	low	1	0
Congenital Zika Virus Infection	low	1	0
COPD	low	2	0
Coronavirus Disease 2019	low	3	0
Coronavirus Disease-19	low	3	0
Coronavirus Infections	low	1	0
COVID-19	low	3	0
COVID-19 Pandemic	low	3	0
COVID-19 Pandemics	low	3	0
COVID-19 Virus Disease	low	3	0
COVID-19 Virus Infection	low	3	0
COVID19	low	3	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections	low	1	0
Coxsackievirus Infections	low	1	0
Cronobacter Infections	low	1	0
Cytogenetic Aberrations	low	1	0
Cytogenetic Abnormalities	low	1	0
Deficiency Syndrome, Immunologic	medium	2	1
Deficiency Syndromes, Antibody	medium	2	1
Deficiency Syndromes, Immunologic	medium	2	1
Delayed Hypersensitivity	low	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic	low	1	0
Disease Models, Animal	low	4	0
Down Syndrome	medium	3	1
Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21	medium	3	1
Down's Syndrome	medium	3	1
E coli Infections	low	1	0
E. coli Infection	low	1	0
Ear Infection	medium	1	1
Ear Inflammation	medium	1	1
Eczema, Atopic	low	1	0
Eczema, Infantile	low	1	0
Endotoxin Shock	low	2	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections	low	1	0
Enterobacterial Infections	low	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections	low	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation	medium	2	2
Familial Mediterranean Fever	medium	1	1
Familial Mediterranean Fever, Autosomal Recessive	medium	1	1
Familial Paroxysmal Polyserositis	medium	1	1
Fanconi Anemia	low	1	0
Fanconi Hypoplastic Anemia	low	1	0
Fanconi Pancytopenia	low	1	0
Fanconi Panmyelopathy	low	1	0
Fanconi's Anemia	low	1	0
Fever	low	1	0
Fever, Zika	low	1	0
Food Allergy	low	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity	low	1	0
Genital Warts	medium	1	1
Group A Strep Infection	low	1	0
Group A Streptococcal Infection	low	1	0
Group A Streptococcal Infections	low	1	0
Group B Strep Infection	low	1	0
Group B Streptococcal Infection	low	1	0
Group B Streptococcal Infections	low	1	0
Herpes Simplex	low	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection	low	1	0
Hypersensitivity	low	3	0
Hypersensitivity, Delayed	low	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Food	low	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Tuberculin-Type	low	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Type IV	low	1	0
Hypertrophy	medium	1	1
Idiopathic Chronic Urticaria	low	1	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome	medium	2	1
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes	medium	2	1
Immunological Deficiency Syndromes	medium	2	1
Infection, Bacterial	medium	6	1
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii	low	1	0
Infections, Bacterial	medium	6	1
Infections, Cardiovirus	low	1	0
Infections, Community-Acquired	medium	2	2
Infections, Coronavirus	low	1	0
Infections, Coxsackie Virus	low	1	0
Infections, Coxsackievirus	low	1	0
Infections, E coli	low	1	0
Infections, Enterobacteriaceae	low	1	0
Infections, Enterobacterial	low	1	0
Infections, Escherichia coli	low	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae	low	2	0
Infections, Orthomyxovirus	low	2	0
Infections, Respiratory	medium	19	11
Infections, Respiratory Tract	medium	19	11
Infections, Streptococcal	low	1	0
Infections, Upper Respiratory	medium	19	11
Infections, Upper Respiratory Tract	medium	19	11
Inflammation	medium	4	1
Innate Inflammatory Response	medium	4	1
Kidney Failure	medium	1	1
Kidney Insufficiency	medium	1	1
Laryngitis	medium	1	1
Lichen Planus, Oral	low	1	0
Lobar Pneumonia	medium	2	2
Lung Diseases, Obstructive	medium	1	1
Lung Inflammation	medium	2	2
Lymphadenitis	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, T-Cell	low	1	0
Malignancy	medium	2	1
Malignant Neoplasms	medium	2	1
Mediterranean Fever, Familial	medium	1	1
MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)	low	1	0
Metaplasia	low	1	0
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome	low	1	0
Mongolism	medium	3	1
Morbid Obesity	low	1	0
Nasal Airway Obstruction	medium	1	1
Nasal Blockage	medium	1	1
Nasal Catarrh	medium	2	1
Nasal Obstruction	medium	1	1
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis	low	1	0
Neoplasia	medium	2	1
Neoplasm	medium	2	1
Neoplasms, Benign	medium	2	1
Neurodermatitis, Atopic	low	1	0
Neurodermatitis, Disseminated	low	1	0
Newcastle Disease	low	1	0
Obesity	low	1	0
Obesity, Morbid	low	1	0
Obesity, Severe	low	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases	medium	1	1
Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases	medium	1	1
Orthomyxoviridae Infections	low	2	0
Orthomyxovirus Infections	low	2	0
Otitis	medium	1	1
Parasitemia	low	1	0
Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome	medium	3	1
Periadenitis Mucosa Necrotica Recurrens	medium	2	1
Periodic Disease	medium	1	1
Periodic Disease, Wolff's	medium	1	1
Periodic Peritonitis	medium	1	1
Pharyngitis	medium	4	3
Pneumonia	medium	2	2
Pneumonia, Lobar	medium	2	2
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal	low	1	0
Pneumonia, Viral	low	1	0
Pneumonitis	medium	2	2
Polyserositis, Familial Paroxysmal	medium	1	1
Polyserositis, Recurrent	medium	1	1
Pregnancy	medium	1	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	low	2	0
Pulmonary Inflammation	medium	2	2
Pyelonephritis	low	1	0
Pyelonephritis, Acute Necrotizing	low	1	0
Pyrexia	low	1	0
Recrudescence	medium	13	10
Recurrence	medium	13	10
Recurrent Polyserositis	medium	1	1
Relapse	medium	13	10
Renal Failure	medium	1	1
Renal Insufficiency	medium	1	1
Respiratory Infections	medium	19	11
Respiratory Tract Diseases	low	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections	medium	19	11
Rhinitis	medium	2	1
Rhinitis, Allergic	medium	2	1
SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection	low	3	0
SARS-CoV-2 Infection	low	3	0
Sensitivity and Specificity	low	1	0
Septic Shock	low	2	0
Shock, Endotoxic	low	2	0
Shock, Septic	low	2	0
Shock, Toxic	low	2	0
Sinus Infections	low	1	0
Sinusitis	low	1	0
Sore Throat	medium	4	3
Stomatitis, Aphthous	medium	2	1
Streptococcal Infections	low	1	0
Swine Influenza	low	2	0
Symptom Cluster	medium	2	1
Syndrome	medium	2	1
T-Cell Lymphoma	low	1	0
Tonsillitis	medium	4	4
Toxic Shock	low	2	0
Toxic Shock Syndrome	low	2	0
Toxoplasma gondii Infection	low	1	0
Toxoplasmosis	low	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal	low	2	0
Tracheitis	medium	1	1
Translocation, Chromosomal	low	1	0
Translocation, Genetic	low	1	0
Trisomy 21	medium	3	1
Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction	medium	3	1
Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction	medium	3	1
Trisomy G	medium	3	1
Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivity	low	1	0
Tumors	medium	2	1
Type IV Hypersensitivity	low	1	0
Ulcer, Aphthous	medium	2	1
Unilateral Nasal Obstruction	medium	1	1
Upper Respiratory Infections	medium	19	11
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection	medium	19	11
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections	medium	19	11
Urinary Tract Infections	medium	2	1
Venereal Warts	medium	1	1
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux	low	1	0
Vesicoureteral Reflux	low	1	0
Vesicoureteral Reflux 1	low	1	0
Viral Diseases	low	2	0
Viral Infections	low	2	0
Virus Diseases	low	2	0
Virus Infections	low	2	0
Vulvar Diseases	medium	1	1
Warts, Genital	medium	1	1
Warts, Venereal	medium	1	1
Wolff Periodic Disease	medium	1	1
Wolff's Periodic Disease	medium	1	1
Zika Fever	low	1	0
Zika Virus Disease	low	1	0
Zika Virus Infection	low	1	0
ZikV Infection	low	1	0

Article	Year
Immunomodulatory activity of pidotimod administered with standard antibiotic therapy in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Journal of translational medicine, Sep-03, Volume: 13	2015
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Advantage of population pharmacokinetic method for evaluating the bioequivalence and accuracy of parameter estimation of pidotimod. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, Volume: 54, Issue: 9	2016
A robust LC-MS/MS method for the determination of pidotimod in different biological matrixes and its application to in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Jun-15, Volume: 1023-1024	2016
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of adefovir in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Aug-01, Volume: 878, Issue: 23	2010
High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of pidotimod in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Aug-15, Volume: 877, Issue: 24	2009
Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in elderly volunteers and in renal failure patients. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of pidotimod in humans. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in rats and dogs. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology, Volume: 96, Issue: 5	2019
Water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions: an excellent delivery system for improving the oral bioavailability of pidotimod in rats. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 100, Issue: 6	2011
Self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS): a new way for oral delivery of drugs with high solubility and low permeability. International journal of pharmaceutics, May-16, Volume: 409, Issue: 1-2	2011
Effect of food on the bioavailability of pidotimod in healthy volunteers. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of pidotimod in humans. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in rats and dogs. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
A Model for SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Treatment. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, Volume: 2020	2020
Proposal for a new therapeutic high dosage of Pidotimod in children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Italian journal of pediatrics, Jul-25, Volume: 46, Issue: 1	2020
Self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS): a new way for oral delivery of drugs with high solubility and low permeability. International journal of pharmaceutics, May-16, Volume: 409, Issue: 1-2	2011
Pidotimod in the treatment of patients affected by bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Toxicological evaluation of pidotimod. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
Protective effects of pidotimod against experimental bacterial infections in mice. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
[Effectiveness of pidotimod in combination with bacterial lysates in the treatment of the pfapa (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome]. Minerva pediatrica, Volume: 67, Issue: 3	2015
Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs). Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, Volume: 9, Issue: 4	2013
General pharmacology of pidotimod and testing for drug interactions. Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A	1994
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

pidotimod

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (81)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (20)

Research

Studies (110)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (113)

Related Conditions (272)

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (3)

Long-term Use (1)

Pharmacokinetics (7)

Bioavailability (6)

Dosage (6)

Interactions (3)