Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. [GOC:mah]
Cellular response to light stimulus is a fundamental process by which organisms detect and react to changes in light intensity, wavelength, and direction. This response involves a complex interplay of photoreceptor proteins, signal transduction pathways, and effector mechanisms. The process can be broadly divided into three stages: light reception, signal transduction, and cellular response.
1. Light reception: The first step involves the absorption of light by specialized photoreceptor proteins. These proteins undergo conformational changes upon light absorption, triggering a cascade of downstream events. Different types of photoreceptor proteins, such as rhodopsin in animals and phytochrome in plants, are responsible for detecting different wavelengths of light.
2. Signal transduction: Once light is absorbed, the photoreceptor protein initiates a signaling cascade that amplifies and transmits the signal to downstream components. This cascade often involves a series of protein-protein interactions and enzymatic reactions. For example, in animals, the absorption of light by rhodopsin leads to the activation of a G-protein, which in turn activates an enzyme called phosphodiesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes cyclic GMP, causing changes in membrane permeability and ultimately leading to the generation of a nerve impulse.
3. Cellular response: The final stage involves the activation of cellular responses, which can range from changes in gene expression to altered cell behavior. In animals, light stimulation can trigger the constriction or dilation of pupils, the movement of eyes, and the activation of specific brain regions involved in vision. In plants, light stimulation can induce phototropism (growth towards light), chloroplast movement, and the regulation of photosynthesis.
The biological process of cellular response to light stimulus is essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including vision, photosynthesis, circadian rhythms, and development. It is a highly conserved process across different organisms, highlighting its fundamental importance for life on Earth.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| G-protein coupled receptor 52 | A G-protein coupled receptor 52 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q9Y2T5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 | A potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15382] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| alfuzosin | alfuzosin: structure given in first source | monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| lamotrigine | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic | |
| duloxetine | duloxetine | ||
| nelfinavir | nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
| nebivolol | 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group. | chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| uk 68798 | aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker | |
| doripenem | Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS. | carbapenems | |
| tadalafil | benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent | |
| paliperidone | 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia. | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol | |
| 293b cpd | 6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane: RN given for (trans-(+-))-isomer | 1-benzopyran | |
| moxifloxacin | moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug |
| solifenacin | isoquinolines | ||
| telbivudine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor | |
| etravirine | aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound | antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor | |
| lapatinib | furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| darunavir | darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors. Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS. | carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| lacosamide | Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES. | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| tolterodine | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant | |
| darifenacin | darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence. | 1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| s 1033 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| maraviroc | tropane alkaloid | ||
| dasatinib | dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN). N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source | 1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| n-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorobenzamide | N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorobenzamide: structure in first source | ||
| sitagliptin | sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene | EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| acacetin | 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | anticonvulsant; plant metabolite |
| silodosin | silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source | indolecarboxamide | |
| su 11248 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| alvimopan anhydrous | alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain | peptide | |
| palonosetron | palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting. | azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound | antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist |
| everolimus | cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor | |
| 6-cyano-4-(n-ethylsulfonyl-n-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane, (trans-(+))-isomer | |||
| lu 208075 | ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | diarylmethane | |
| hmr 1556 | HMR 1556: an I(Ks) channel blocker; structure in first source | ||
| ica 27243 | N-(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluorobenzamide: a KCNQ2/3 channel activator; structure in first source | ||
| 1,5-diphenyl-2-penten-1-one | 1,5-diphenyl-2-penten-1-one: extracted from Stellera chamaejasme; structure in first source | ||
| raltegravir | 1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide | antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor | |
| mk-8825 | |||
| sildenafil | sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| vardenafil | vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine. | imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |