Page last updated: 2024-12-06

imidocarb

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Imidocarb dipropionate is an antiparasitic drug used to treat and prevent infestations by various parasites in livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, and goats. It is a synthetic compound with a complex chemical structure. The drug's mechanism of action involves disrupting the energy metabolism of parasites, particularly affecting their respiratory chain. This leads to paralysis and death of the parasites. Imidocarb dipropionate is commonly used to treat and prevent infections by protozoan parasites like Babesia and Theileria, which can cause serious diseases in livestock. Its effectiveness against these parasites makes it a crucial tool in livestock management and disease control. Additionally, imidocarb dipropionate has shown activity against some helminths, although it is not typically considered a primary treatment for these infections. Studies continue to explore the full potential of imidocarb dipropionate, investigating its efficacy against different parasite species, potential side effects, and optimal administration methods. This research is crucial for ensuring the safe and effective use of this important antiparasitic drug in livestock production.'

Imidocarb: One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock. Toxicity has been reported. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID21389
CHEMBL ID427342
CHEBI ID51804
SCHEMBL ID203921
MeSH IDM0011050
PubMed CID114961
CHEMBL ID1315701
SCHEMBL ID1142888
MeSH IDM0011050

Synonyms (84)

Synonym
AKOS005449571
ksc-19-203
KUC108633N
imidocarbum [inn-latin]
brn 0964732
imidocarb [inn:ban]
einecs 248-711-7
n,n'-bis(3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)urea
carbanilide, 3,3'-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-
urea, n,n'-bis(3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-
1,3-bis(3-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl)harnstoff
imidocarbo [inn-spanish]
imidocarbe [inn-french]
1,3-bis(3-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl)urea
TIMTEC1_002508
imizad (dipropionate)
1,3-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]urea
nsc51189
imidocarb
n,n'-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]urea
imizocarb (dihydrochloride)
urea, n,n'-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-
imizol (dipropionate)
4a65 (dihydrochloride)
NCGC00174046-01
STK379516
27885-92-3
imidocarbe
imidocarbo
CHEBI:51804 ,
imidocarbum
HMS1541B22
TCMDC-124304 ,
imidocarb (inn)
imizol [veterinary] (tn)
D08069
mmv665810
CHEMBL427342 ,
3,3'-di-2-imidazolin-2-ylcarbanilid
A819229
5-25-11-00011 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-8uss3k0vdh
8uss3k0vdh ,
FT-0601768
FD7211
SCHEMBL203921
KS-5199
imidocarb [inn]
imidocarb [mi]
imidocarb [mart.]
3,3'-di-2-imidazolin-2-ylcarbanilide
bdbm79241
cid_114961
1,3-bis[3-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl]urea;propionic acid
DTXSID0048345 ,
n,n'-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]urea #
SCEVFJUWLLRELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1,3-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]urea;propanoic acid
mfcd00693581
imidocarbum; imidocarbe; imidocarbo
BCP22333
1,3-bis(3-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)urea
DB11521
Q908851
(s)-3-amino-3-(2-naphthyl)-propionicacid
AMY13633
nsc-766768
nsc766768
EN300-7357087
imidocarbe (inn-french)
dtxcid5028320
imidocarbum (inn-latin)
imidocarb (mart.)
imidocarbo (inn-spanish)
imizol (veterinary)
LS-14949
imizol
MLS001336006
MLS001336005 ,
smr000875323
CHEMBL1315701
HMS2231C10
HMS3371N15
SCHEMBL1142888

Research Excerpts

Overview

Imidocarb (IMD) is a veterinary drug that has been used for more than 30 years to treat and prevent parasitic diseases.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imidocarb (IMD) is a veterinary drug that has been used for more than 30 years to treat and prevent parasitic diseases. "( Determination of imidocarb residues in bovine and ovine liver and milk by immunobiosensor.
Armstrong, L; Crooks, SR; Danaher, M; Fodey, T; Jordan, K; Kennedy, DG; Thompson, CS; Traynor, IM, 2013
)
2.17

Treatment

Imidocarb, an effective treatment for piroplasmosis, may cause colic and diarrhoea in horses. Treatment was unsuccessful in one horse which remained infected as measured by nested PCR and retained the ability to infect a naïve recipient.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imidocarb/atropine treatment caused an increase in OCTT (P < 0.05) whereas imidocarb/saline produced a nonsignificant decrease in OCTT. "( Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose 13C-ureide breath test.
Guthrie, AJ; Kutscha, J; Preston, T; Sutton, DG, 2012
)
1.82
"Imidocarb/saline treatment induced colic signs and a potential reduction in OCTT while imidocarb/atropine treatment increased OCTT significantly when compared with imidocarb/saline. "( Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose 13C-ureide breath test.
Guthrie, AJ; Kutscha, J; Preston, T; Sutton, DG, 2012
)
1.82
"Imidocarb, an effective treatment for piroplasmosis, may cause colic and diarrhoea in horses. "( Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Donnellan, CM; Guthrie, AJ; Nurton, JP; Page, PC; van den Berg, JS, 2013
)
2.06
"Imidocarb treatment was unsuccessful in one horse which remained infected as measured by nested PCR and retained the ability to infect a naïve recipient via intravenous blood transfer."( Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk.
Bunn, TO; Espy, B; Fowler, WK; Grause, JF; Guthrie, AJ; Hendrickson, A; Kappmeyer, LS; Knowles, DP; Kumpula-McWhirter, N; Mealey, RH; Pelzel, AM; Schwartz, A; Traub-Dargatz, JL; Ueti, MW; White, SN, 2012
)
1.1
"Imidocarb treatment of horses infected with Babesia caballi is supposed to eliminate the infection, but data on the efficacy of this treatment is scarce. "( Repeated high dose imidocarb dipropionate treatment did not eliminate Babesia caballi from naturally infected horses as determined by PCR-reverse line blot hybridization.
Butler, CM; de Haseth, OB; Houwers, DJ; Jongejan, F; Nijhof, AM; Taoufik, A; van der Kolk, JH, 2008
)
2.12
"Treatment with imidocarb dipropionate will result in colic and reduced OCTT as demonstrated by the lactose 13C-ureide breath test which will be ameliorated by premedication with either atropine or glycopyrrolate."( Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose 13C-ureide breath test.
Guthrie, AJ; Kutscha, J; Preston, T; Sutton, DG, 2012
)
0.73
"Treatment with imidocarb dipropionate and a blood transfusion resolved the haemolytic crisis."( [A literature review of equine piroplasmosis after an episode of acute babesiosis in a Dutch Standardbred foal after a stay in Normandy].
Butler, CM; van der Kolk, JH; van Gils, JA, 2005
)
0.67
"Treatment with imidocarb dipropionate appears to have been effective in eliminating circulating B canis organisms and clinical disease."( Hypotensive shock syndrome associated with acute Babesia canis infection in a dog.
Freeman, MJ; Henik, RA; Kirby, BM; Panciera, DL; Rosin, E; Sullivan, LJ, 1994
)
0.63
"One treatment of imidocarb (3.5 mg/kg) or T-200 (20 mg/kg) or 2 treatments (10 mg/kg) of a standard tetracycline were very effective in controlling the infection in the intact cattle."( Chemotherapy of acute bovine anaplasmosis.
Hall, WT; Parker, M; Parker, R; Trueman, KF; Wilson, AJ, 1979
)
0.59
"Treatment with Imidocarb caused a clinical recovery but could not completely eliminate the organisms."( Application of various chemotherapeutic agents in experimental bovine anaplasmosis.
Banerjee, DP; Gautam, OP; Sharma, SK, 1977
)
0.6

Toxicity

Imidocarb dipropionate (3,3'-bis[2-imidazolin-2-yl] carbanilide diproponate) was studied in calves injected twice intramuscularly with 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg dosages. Results of this study suggest that glycopyrrolate is superior to atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The hypothesis that the toxic effects of imidocarb mediated by reduced cholinesterase activity might be intensified by hypomagnesaemia was tested in calves."( Effect of induced hypomagnesaemia on the toxicity of imidocarb in calves.
Higgins, AJ; Lees, P; Michell, AR; Moss, P; White, DG, 1986
)
0.79
" Studies on the toxicology, residues and metabolism of IMDP showed this to be a safe dosage regimen."( Efficacy, toxicity and metabolism of imidocarb dipropionate in the treatment of Babesia ovis infection in sheep.
Clampitt, RB; Crawley, RJ; James, JA; McHardy, N; Woollon, RM, 1986
)
0.54
" The adverse effects of imidocarb may be due to excessive acetylcholine action."( Adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate (Imizol) in a dog.
Abdullah, AS; Baggot, JD; Sheikh-Omar, AR; Zamri, M, 1984
)
0.9
" The LD50 of IMDP for 21 days after injection was two doses of 15."( Clinicopathological aspects of imidocarb dipropionate toxicity in horses.
Adams, LG, 1981
)
0.55
"The toxic effects of imidocarb dipropionate (3,3'-bis[2-imidazolin-2-yl] carbanilide dipropionate) were studied in calves injected twice intramuscularly with 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg dosages."( A study of the toxicity of imidocarb dipropionate in cattle.
Adams, LG; Corrier, DE; Williams, JD, 1980
)
0.88
" Atropine and glycopyrrolate are anticholinergics that could reduce the adverse effects of imidocarb."( Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Donnellan, CM; Guthrie, AJ; Nurton, JP; Page, PC; van den Berg, JS, 2013
)
0.84
"To compare glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses and to determine the effect of combinations of these drugs on the gastrointestinal tract."( Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Donnellan, CM; Guthrie, AJ; Nurton, JP; Page, PC; van den Berg, JS, 2013
)
0.84
"Results of this study suggest that glycopyrrolate is superior to atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb."( Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Donnellan, CM; Guthrie, AJ; Nurton, JP; Page, PC; van den Berg, JS, 2013
)
0.83
"Glycopyrrolate could be administered with imidocarb in horses with piroplasmosis to reduce the adverse effects of imidocarb."( Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Donnellan, CM; Guthrie, AJ; Nurton, JP; Page, PC; van den Berg, JS, 2013
)
0.88
"To evaluate the ability of atropine sulfate, butylscopolammonium bromide combined with metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate the clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses."( Evaluation of the use of atropine sulfate, a combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Abutarbush, SM; Al-Majali, AM; Alfaqeeh, SM; Mustafa, G; Qura'n, L, 2013
)
0.78
"Imidocarb dipropionate use in the control group was associated with serious adverse effects including signs of abdominal pain (4/7 horses) and diarrhea (2/7)."( Evaluation of the use of atropine sulfate, a combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Abutarbush, SM; Al-Majali, AM; Alfaqeeh, SM; Mustafa, G; Qura'n, L, 2013
)
2.03
"A combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium may be useful to ameliorate the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses, although group size was small and significant differences from the control group were not found."( Evaluation of the use of atropine sulfate, a combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Abutarbush, SM; Al-Majali, AM; Alfaqeeh, SM; Mustafa, G; Qura'n, L, 2013
)
0.79
" All three treatments showed good tolerance and safety with scarce adverse events observed."( Efficacy, safety and tolerance of imidocarb dipropionate versus atovaquone or buparvaquone plus azithromycin used to treat sick dogs naturally infected with the Babesia microti-like piroplasm.
Bartolomé, A; Checa, R; Gálvez, R; González-Fraga, JL; Marino, V; Miró, G; Montoya, A; Ortega, N, 2017
)
0.73

Pharmacokinetics

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic behaviour of imidocarb in horses following a single i. The same dosage regimen can be used for clinical efficacy against Babesia spp.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The elimination rate constant and, in turn, the half-life were not altered by the endotoxin-induced fever in either species."( Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced fever on pharmacokinetics of imidocarb in dogs and goats.
Abdullah, AS; Baggot, JD, 1984
)
0.5
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of gentamicin sulphate (3."( Effect of sodium methyl arsinate and imidocarb dipropionate antiprotozoal drugs on the pharmacokinetic of gentamicin in equines.
Soliman, GA, 1998
)
0.57
" Despite the differences in pharmacokinetic behavior, and considering the sensitivity of pathogens to imidocarb, the same dosage regimen can be used for clinical efficacy against Babesia spp."( Pharmacokinetics and mammary elimination of imidocarb in sheep and goats.
Belloli, C; Crescenzo, G; Lai, OR; Ormas, P; Sasso, G; Zizzadoro, C, 2006
)
0.81
"h and a mean half-life of 13."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of imidocarb dipropionate in swine.
Li, XB; Su, D; Wang, L; Wang, ZJ; Wu, WX; Xu, JQ, 2007
)
0.61
" The purpose of this study was to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters and assess the bioequivalence of subcutaneous injections of two IMD formulations in cattle."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two imidocarb formulations in cattle after subcutaneous injection.
Chen, C; Chen, X; Feng, Y; Li, X; Liu, C; Liu, M; Liu, Y; Wang, H; Yan, X, 2022
)
0.98

Bioavailability

Imidocarb was given intramuscular administration. The oral bioavailability of residues was determined in rats to evaluate the extent to which tissue imdocarb residues could be reabsorbed.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Additionally, the oral bioavailability of residues was determined in rats to evaluate the extent to which tissue imidocarb residues could be reabsorbed by consumers."( Depletion and bioavailability of imidocarb residues in sheep and goat tissues.
Belloli, C; Cagnardi, P; Carofiglio, V; Crescenzo, G; Lai, O; Marangi, O; Ormas, P, 2002
)
0.81

Dosage Studied

Imidocarb, at a dosage of 4 mg/kg of body weight, given IM at 72-hour intervals 4 times, was ineffective in eliminating B equi-carrier infection in 9 mature geldings. Despite the differences in pharmacokinetic behavior, and considering the sensitivity of pathogens to imidOCarb, the same dosage regimen can be used for clinical efficacy against Babesia spp.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The drug alone had no deleterious effect on spermatogenesis when given intramuscularly 4 times at a dosage level of 4 mg/kg at 72-hour intervals."( Effect of imidocarb dipropionate and hemicastration on spermatogenesis in pony stallions.
Frerichs, WM, 1977
)
0.66
" Imidocarb, at a dosage of 4 mg/kg of body weight, given IM at 72-hour intervals 4 times, was ineffective in eliminating B equi-carrier infection in 9 mature geldings."( Imidocarb and parvaquone in the treatment of piroplasmosis (Babesia equi) in equids.
Gipson, CA; Kuttler, KL; Zaugg, JL, 1987
)
2.63
" Studies on the toxicology, residues and metabolism of IMDP showed this to be a safe dosage regimen."( Efficacy, toxicity and metabolism of imidocarb dipropionate in the treatment of Babesia ovis infection in sheep.
Clampitt, RB; Crawley, RJ; James, JA; McHardy, N; Woollon, RM, 1986
)
0.54
" The majority of dogs showed some transient side-effects after administration of imidocarb, while a small proportion of dogs dosed with tetracycline reacted adversely and dosage had to be reduced or stopped."( A comparison of the efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate and tetracycline hydrochloride in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis.
Dolan, TT; Price, JE, 1980
)
0.77
" Transient, dosage dependent signs of toxicosis consisted of excessive salivation, serous nasal discharge, diarrhoea and dyspnoea."( A study of the toxicity of imidocarb dipropionate in cattle.
Adams, LG; Corrier, DE; Williams, JD, 1980
)
0.56
" Several studies have shown that imidocarb remains detectable in edible ovine and bovine tissues for several months after dosing but the mechanism of retention remains unknown."( A cellular mechanism for imidocarb retention in edible bovine tissues.
Coldham, NG; Moore, AS; Sauer, MJ, 1996
)
0.88
" Two sheep and 1 goat were slaughtered 15, 30, 60, 90 or 120 d after dosing and samples of muscle, injection site muscle, liver, omental and subcutaneous fat, and kidneys were collected."( Depletion and bioavailability of imidocarb residues in sheep and goat tissues.
Belloli, C; Cagnardi, P; Carofiglio, V; Crescenzo, G; Lai, O; Marangi, O; Ormas, P, 2002
)
0.6
" Despite the differences in pharmacokinetic behavior, and considering the sensitivity of pathogens to imidocarb, the same dosage regimen can be used for clinical efficacy against Babesia spp."( Pharmacokinetics and mammary elimination of imidocarb in sheep and goats.
Belloli, C; Crescenzo, G; Lai, OR; Ormas, P; Sasso, G; Zizzadoro, C, 2006
)
0.81
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
antiprotozoal drugAny antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
ureas
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (26)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.25390.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency31.62280.00018.4406100.0000AID720580
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.81995.804836.130665.1308AID540253
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.81995.804836.130665.1308AID540253
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.81995.804816.996225.9290AID540253
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.38720.100028.9256213.3130AID588591
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency12.58930.15855.287912.5893AID540303
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency12.58930.15855.287912.5893AID540303
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency12.58930.15855.287912.5893AID540303
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.004611.374133.4983AID624297
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.12200.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glucose transporterLeishmania mexicanaIC50 (µMol)12.00000.08102.30676.7450AID1207598
Hexose transporter 1 Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)IC50 (µMol)12.00000.09002.22205.8850AID1207597
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.00000.00492.99549.9920AID1207599
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.59000.00000.933210.0000AID482894
Calcium-dependent protein kinase 1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7IC50 (µMol)1.00000.00210.00760.0130AID1159502
Lysine--tRNA ligase Plasmodium falciparum 3D7IC50 (µMol)2.50000.12000.12000.1200AID1159505
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 NHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)11.89200.873010.721978.4000AID493155; AID493182
bcl-2-related protein A1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)20.00000.41907.756335.1000AID504689
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
PAX8Homo sapiens (human)AC500.87900.04885.435469.1700AID687027
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7Homo sapiens (human)AC5020.71000.039815.002550.0000AID743267
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (33)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
central nervous system developmentSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid metabolic processSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex developmentSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor cell maintenanceSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic responseSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronineSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose importSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulinSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dehydroascorbic acid transportSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recyclingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
osteoblast developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergicAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein metabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eyeAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
long-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
kinase bindingSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
D-glucose transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
collagen bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
laminin bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (31)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
female germ cell nucleusSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segmentSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
female pronucleusSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
caveolaSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated discSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Z discSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
midbodySolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cortical actin cytoskeletonSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose transporter complexSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
basement membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapseAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
side of membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (43)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID543998Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell detachment up to 60 uM after 3 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543996Toxicity in Yersinia pestis JG153 assessed as growth inhibition at 60 uM measured 6 mins intervals for 24 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID482894Inhibition of AChE2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Prediction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and characterization of correlative molecular descriptors by machine learning methods.
AID240567Inhibitory activity towards acetylcholine esterase (AChE)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-23, Volume: 47, Issue:20
Efficient method for high-throughput virtual screening based on flexible docking: discovery of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
AID543993Inhibition of T3SS-mediated YopD secretion in Yersinia pestis JG401 at 15 uM after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543989Inhibition of T3SS-mediated YopM secretion in Yersinia pestis JG401 after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543991Inhibition of T3SS-mediated YopH secretion in Yersinia pestis JG401 after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543992Inhibition of T3SS-mediated YopD secretion in Yersinia pestis JG401 at up to 60 uM after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543994Inhibition of T3SS-mediated YopD secretion in Yersinia pestis JG401 after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543997Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell rounding up to 60 uM after 3 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID544002Inhibition of T3SS-mediated Tir secretion in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli KC14 harboring pKC17 at after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543995Inhibition of T3SS-mediated YopM secretion in Yersinia pestis JG401 t up to 60 uM after 2 hrs by Western blotting2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543999Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as LDH release up to 60 uM after 3 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID543990Inhibition pCD1 positive Yersinia pestis JG153 T3SS-mediated morphological changes in human HeLa cells after 3 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID1159585Biochemical screen of P. falciparum CDPK12016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:3
Biochemical Screening of Five Protein Kinases from Plasmodium falciparum against 14,000 Cell-Active Compounds.
AID1159588Biochemical screen of P. falciparum CDPK42016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:3
Biochemical Screening of Five Protein Kinases from Plasmodium falciparum against 14,000 Cell-Active Compounds.
AID1159587Biochemical screen of P. falciparum PK72016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:3
Biochemical Screening of Five Protein Kinases from Plasmodium falciparum against 14,000 Cell-Active Compounds.
AID1159589Biochemical screen of P. falciparum MAPK22016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:3
Biochemical Screening of Five Protein Kinases from Plasmodium falciparum against 14,000 Cell-Active Compounds.
AID1159586Biochemical screen of P. falciparum PK62016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:3
Biochemical Screening of Five Protein Kinases from Plasmodium falciparum against 14,000 Cell-Active Compounds.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID544001Inhibition of translocation of YopE::Bla fusion from pMM85 expressing Yersinia pestis JG153 to human HeLa cells at 40 uM after 3 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID562734Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi infected in horse assessed as reduction in parasite specific antibodies at 4 mg/kg, im dosed 4 times at 72 hrs intervals administered 70 days postinfection measured 201 days post dose by C-ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562730Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi receiving ticks from 4 times 4 mg/kg, im compound treated donor horse infected with Babesia caballi assessed as reduction in parasite specific antibodies measured after 100 days post-parasite transmission by 2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562732Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi infected in horse assessed as reduction in parasite level at 4 mg/kg, im dosed 4 times at 72 hrs intervals administered 70 days postinfection and measured 5 days post last dose by nested PCR2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562728Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi receiving blood from 4 times 4 mg/kg, im compound treated donor horse infected with Babesia caballi assessed as reduction in parasite specific antibodies measured after 100 days post-parasite transmission by 2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID544000Inhibition of translocation of YopE::Bla fusion from pMM85 expressing Yersinia pestis JG153 to human HeLa cells at 80 uM after 3 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.
AID562727Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi receiving blood from 4 times 4 mg/kg, im compound treated donor horse infected with Babesia caballi assessed as reduction in parasite level measured after 100 days post-parasite transmission by nested PCR2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562733Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi infected in horse assessed as reduction in parasite specific antibodies at 4 mg/kg, im dosed 4 times at 72 hrs intervals administered 70 days postinfection measured 56 days post dose by complement fixation as2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562731Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi infected in horse assessed as reduction in parasite level at 4 mg/kg, im dosed 4 times at 72 hrs intervals administered 70 days postinfection and measured 5 days post last dose by quantitative PCR2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562729Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi receiving ticks from 4 times 4 mg/kg, im compound treated donor horse infected with Babesia caballi assessed as reduction in parasite level measured after 100 days post-parasite transmission by nested PCR2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
AID562735Antiparasitic activity against Babesia caballi infected in horse assessed as reduction in parasite specific antibodies at 4 mg/kg, im dosed 4 times at 72 hrs intervals administered 70 days postinfection measured 222 days post dose by immunoblot2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (198)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199057 (28.79)18.7374
1990's27 (13.64)18.2507
2000's52 (26.26)29.6817
2010's51 (25.76)24.3611
2020's11 (5.56)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 66.70

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index66.70 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.40 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.56 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index113.77 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (66.70)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials16 (7.84%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews5 (2.45%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies34 (16.67%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other149 (73.04%)84.16%
Other6 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]