Compounds > nonyl gallate
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nonyl gallate

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Nonyl gallate is an antioxidant used as a food additive to prevent oxidation and rancidity. It is synthesized by reacting gallic acid with nonyl alcohol. The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid. Nonyl gallate is effective in preventing the oxidation of fats and oils, and it is also effective in preventing the discoloration of fruits and vegetables. It is commonly used in foods like meat, poultry, fish, vegetable oils, and snack foods. Nonyl gallate is studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to protect against oxidative stress and cancer. Its effectiveness in preventing food spoilage makes it an important ingredient in the food industry. However, there is some concern about its potential toxicity at high doses, but it is generally considered safe for human consumption at the levels used in foods.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID82582
CHEMBL ID16174
SCHEMBL ID1260820
MeSH IDM0432617

Synonyms (11)

Synonym
nonyl gallate
nonyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
10361-11-2
einecs 233-783-4
CHEMBL16174
3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acid nonyl ester
SCHEMBL1260820
nonylgallat
nonyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
DTXSID20145942
FT-0727463

Research Excerpts

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (25)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1101857Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at MFC to 4 times MFC treated 4 hr after incubation measured up to 30 hr2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID417967Antimicrobial activity against Epidermophyton floccosum after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID417968Antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton rubrum after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID417964Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID417961Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID417959Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID1101855Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 after 48 hr by microdilution method2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID1101858Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at MFC to 4 times MFC treated 24 hr after incubation measured up to 30 hr2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID1101856Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at pH 3 after 48 hr by microdilution method2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID205640Compound was tested for antibacterial activity against MRSA ATCC 33591, expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-21, Volume: 12, Issue:2
Anti-MRSA activity of alkyl gallates.
AID417963Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID417965Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID206848Compound was tested for antibacterial activity against MRSA ATCC 33591, expressed as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-21, Volume: 12, Issue:2
Anti-MRSA activity of alkyl gallates.
AID417969Antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID1101860Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at pH 7 after 48 hr by microdilution method2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID1101861Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at pH 9 after 48 hr by microdilution method2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID417962Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID1101859Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at pH 5 after 48 hr by microdilution method2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID417970Lipophilicity, log P of the compound2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID417960Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID1101864Drug uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at 50 to 100 ug/ml after 5 seconds2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID417966Antimicrobial activity against Microsporum gypseum after 48 hrs by broth microdilution technique2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Relation between lipophilicity of alkyl gallates and antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi.
AID1101854Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at 3.13 to 12.5 ug/ml after 1 hr by time kill analysis2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID1101862Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity after 20 min2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
AID1101852Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 at MFC after 2 hr2002Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-03, Volume: 50, Issue:14
Molecular design of antifungal agents.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (5)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's4 (80.00)29.6817
2010's1 (20.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.50

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.50 (24.57)
Research Supply Index1.79 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.30 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.50)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		2.0110catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.0110monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.0110benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.9540trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-octanol
1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0110octanol;
primary alcohol		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel additive;
kairomone;
plant metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		2.0510benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		2.0510dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
propyl gallate
Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.		2.7130trihydroxybenzoic acid
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.0110penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.0110antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
3-hydroxybenzoic acid
3-hydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.		2.0110monohydroxybenzoic acidbacterial metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-resorcylic acid
alpha-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5.		2.0110dihydroxybenzoic acid;
resorcinols		metabolite
methyl gallate
methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.		2.4320gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0110hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
heptanol
Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.		2.0110heptanol;
primary alcohol		flavouring agent;
fragrance;
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
plant metabolite
n-decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.		2.0110decanol;
primary alcohol		metabolite;
pheromone;
protic solvent
undecan-1-ol
undecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. undecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eleven carbon atoms.		2.0110primary alcohol;
undecanol		flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
dodecanol
Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.		2.0110dodecanol;
primary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
cosmetic;
insect attractant;
insecticide;
pheromone;
plant metabolite
1-tridecanol
1-tridecanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. tridecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is tridecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. tridecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of thirteen carbon atoms.		2.0110long-chain primary fatty alcohol;
tridecanol		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents.		2.0510benzoic acids;
methoxybenzenes		human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-nonanol
nonanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms.. nonan-1-ol : A nonanol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated as a component of volatile oils from plants like Hordeum vulgare.		2.0110nonanol;
primary alcohol		antifungal agent;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
ethyl gallate
ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.		2.0510gallate esterplant metabolite
n-butyl gallate
[no description available]		2.0510
lauryl gallate
[no description available]		2.9340gallate ester
octyl gallate
[no description available]		2.9540gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pentyl gallate
pentyl gallate: food and pharmaceutical antioxidant with ability of electron-donating; structure in first source		2.0510
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.0110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
terbinafine
[no description available]		2.0510acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.0510antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials