Compounds > profenofos
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

profenofos

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Profenofos is an organophosphate insecticide used to control a wide range of insect pests, including aphids, leafhoppers, and mites. It is a synthetic compound with a chemical formula of C12H14O3PS. Profenofos is typically applied as an emulsifiable concentrate or granular formulation. It works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for nerve function in insects. Profenofos is known for its effectiveness in controlling insect pests on various crops, including cotton, soybeans, and vegetables. However, its use has been restricted in several countries due to its potential environmental and health concerns. Profenofos can persist in the environment and pose risks to wildlife, particularly aquatic organisms. Concerns also exist about its potential toxicity to humans, especially through exposure during application or through contaminated food. Researchers study profenofos to understand its mechanisms of action, assess its environmental fate and toxicity, and develop safer alternatives.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID38779
CHEMBL ID2138242
CHEBI ID38845
SCHEMBL ID25281
MeSH IDM0082317

Synonyms (63)

Synonym
o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-o-ethyl-s-propyl phosphorothioate
brn 2150258
o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-o-ethyl-s-propylphosphorothioate
profenofos [ansi:bsi:iso]
phosphorothioic acid, o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl ester, (r)-
(+)-profenofos
hsdb 6992
(s)-o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate
phosphorothioic acid, o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-o-ethyl s-propyl ester
einecs 255-255-2
ai3-29236
selecron
epa pesticide chemical code 111401
caswell no. 266aa
(r)-o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate
phosphorothioic acid, o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl ester, (s)-
(-)-profenofos
cga 15324
profenofos, analytical standard
o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate
CHEBI:38845 ,
curacron
41198-08-7
phosphorothioic acid, o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl ester
profenofos
o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl thiophosphate
NCGC00164297-01
NCGC00164297-02
4-bromo-2-chloro-1-[ethoxy(propylsulfanyl)phosphoryl]oxybenzene
NCGC00164297-03
C18404
tox21_300752
dtxsid3032464 ,
dtxcid1012464
NCGC00254657-01
cas-41198-08-7
unii-7j04o7bs4w
ccris 9291
ec 255-255-2
7j04o7bs4w ,
profenophos
FT-0630618
AKOS015899345
oms-2004
profenofos [mi]
cga-15324
profenofos [hsdb]
profenofos [iso]
(rs)-(o-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl o-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate)
SCHEMBL25281
CHEMBL2138242
o-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) o-ethyl s-propyl thiophosphate #
profenofos, pestanal(r), analytical standard
o-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl o-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate
profenofos 100 microg/ml in cyclohexane
profenofos 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
profenofos 100 microg/ml in methanol
Q2111894
profenofos 1000 microg/ml in acetone
profenofos 1000 microg/ml in toluene
CS-0012846
HY-B0832
profenofos 1000 microg/ml in methanol

Research Excerpts

Overview

Phenofos (PFF) is an organophosphorus pesticide frequently detected in surface waters, soil habitats, and even biota. Profenofos is a broad-spectrum organoph phosphate insecticide and acaricide.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Profenofos (PFF) is an organophosphorus pesticide frequently detected in surface waters, soil habitats, and even biota. "( Effects of profenofos on the growth, reproduction, behavior, and gene transcription of Daphnia magna.
Chen, S; Jin, Q; Li, J; Li, S; Liu, C; Wang, Y; Yuan, S; Zhang, Z, 2023)		2.74
"Profenofos is a direct acting phosphorothioate organophosphorus (OP) pesticide capable of inhibiting β-esterases such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carboxylesterase. "( Metabolism of profenofos to 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, a specific and sensitive exposure biomarker.
Chi, LH; Dadson, OA; Ellison, CA; Farahat, FM; Farahat, T; Lein, PJ; McGarrigle, BP; Olson, JR; Singleton, ST, 2013)		2.19
"Profenofos is an organophosphate pesticide used extensively in agriculture to control pests. "( Biodegradation of pesticide profenofos by the free and immobilized cells of Pseudoxanthomonas suwonensis strain HNM.
Ninnekar, HZ; Talwar, MP, 2015)		2.15
"Profenofos (EC(50)) is a persistent and toxic organophosphorus insecticide. "( Genotoxic effects of profenofos on the marine fish, Therapon jarbua.
Janaki Devi, V; Kumaraguru, AK; Nagarani, N; Vijayalakshimi, N; Yokesh Babu, M, 2012)		2.14
"Profenofos is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide used widely for agricultural and household purposes. "( Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the pesticide profenofos on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Jamil, K; Pasha Shaik, A; Prabhavathy Das, G, 2006)		2.02

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Profenofos has been frequently detected in surface and underground water."( Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside mediated photodegradation of profenofos in water.
Hua, R; Li, QX; Lv, P; Tao, Y; Wu, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, N, 2022)		1.69

Toxicity

Profenofos is a persistent and toxic organophosphorus insecticide. On the basis of the obtained LC(50) values for 96-hour exposure intervals, profenofOS can be rated as highly toxic to C.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
") were tested as toxic standards."( Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal and toxicity of diflubenzuron, fenitrothion-esfenvalerate and profenofos-cypermethrin to nontarget arthropods in Mauritania.
Demba, SA; Peveling, R, 1997)		0.5
" rosenbergii, particularly at the post-larvae stage (9-10 mm) on lethal (LC(50)) and sublethal (EC(50)) effects of toxic substances using post-exposure feeding rate as end point."( Laboratory toxicity test and post-exposure feeding inhibition using the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Baird, DJ; Little, DC; Satapornvanit, K, 2009)		0.35
"Profenofos (EC(50)) is a persistent and toxic organophosphorus insecticide."( Genotoxic effects of profenofos on the marine fish, Therapon jarbua.
Janaki Devi, V; Kumaraguru, AK; Nagarani, N; Vijayalakshimi, N; Yokesh Babu, M, 2012)		2.14
"This study aimed to determine unsafe farming practices, nonergonomically designed equipment, and possible adverse health effects of pesticide exposure."( Occupational safety of farmers in the vegetable industry.
Lu, JL, 2011)		0.37
" Pre-treatment with vitamin E (600 μM) caused a significant attenuation in the toxic effect; reversing subsequent PFF-induced elevation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, further strengthening the involvement of oxidative stress in PFF-mediated toxicity."( Enantiomer-specific profenofos-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage mediated by oxidative stress in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.
Lu, X; Yu, C, 2014)		0.73
" Tier II evaluation by spray of pesticides at their field recommended doses on potted mustard plants showed monocrotophos as the highly toxic insecticide with 100% mortality even with 1h of exposure followed by thiamethoxam, dichlorvos, profenofos and chlorpyriphos which are not to be recommended for use in pollinator attractive flowering plants."( Evaluation of pesticide toxicity at their field recommended doses to honeybees, Apis cerana and A. mellifera through laboratory, semi-field and field studies.
Bhatt, JC; Jain, SK; Sah, K; Stanley, J; Sushil, SN, 2015)		0.6
" The toxicological interaction of five organophosphorus pesticides was evaluated using the concentration addition model, the combination index-isobologram equation and the toxic unit approach."( Binary combinations of organophosphorus pesticides exhibit differential toxicity under oxidised and un-oxidised conditions.
Arora, S; Kumar, A, 2015)		0.42
" In this review, we discuss the worldwide usage of PFF pesticide, its toxic effects on humans and other living organisms in the environment, and biodegradation of this chemical by various microbial strains."( Profenofos, an Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibiting Organophosphorus Pesticide: A Short Review of Its Usage, Toxicity, and Biodegradation.
Chatterjee, S; Kushwaha, M; Verma, S, 2016)		1.88

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" A weak dose-related decrease in AChE was observed at NTNO but no dose-response relationship was observed at HTLO exposure condition."( Influence of temperature and dissolved oxygen on the acute toxicity of profenofos to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Baer, KN; Olivier, K; Pope, CN, 2002)		0.55
" These data indicate that some of the pronounced neurobehavioral changes observed following fenamiphos dosing may be centrally mediated (blocked by SCO only), despite the small amount of inhibition of brain ChE."( Differential profiles of cholinesterase inhibition and neurobehavioral effects in rats exposed to fenamiphos or profenofos.
McDaniel, KL; Moser, VC, )		0.34
" Dose-response bioassays were conducted on area-wide collection of bollworm populations from major host plants, while biochemical techniques were used to evaluate basic mechanisms underlying resistance."( Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
Achaleke, J; Brévault, T; Ghogomu, RT; Martin, T; Vaissayre, M, 2009)		0.35
" The residue levels of profenofos on rice straw, soil and rice grain were significantly affected by the dosage and frequency applied."( Environmental behavior of profenofos under paddy field conditions.
Fan, M; He, J; Liu, X, 2010)		0.97
"0 L ha(-1)) and double dosage (1."( Dissipation of cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, and profenofos in tomato fruits and soil following application of pre-mix formulations.
Gajbhiye, VT; Gupta, RK; Gupta, S; Sharma, RK, 2011)		0.62
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitorAn EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
acaricideA substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
agrochemicalAn agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
organic thiophosphate
organophosphate insecticide
organochlorine insecticideAny organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an insecticide.
monochlorobenzenesAny member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.58710.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347395; AID1347397; AID1347398; AID1347399
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.28720.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.85170.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.77010.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.81070.000417.946075.1148AID1346795
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.72510.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.84000.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.66720.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.93180.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.22770.001019.414170.9645AID743191
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.78610.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.28720.001723.839378.1014AID743083
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency29.86410.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.25610.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741; AID743219
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.66720.002319.595674.0614AID651631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (124)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (34)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (24)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1104142Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Gaschiga isolated from tomato plant to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-772009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104164Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from maize plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr2009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1111160Resistant factor, ratio of LC50 for Aphis gossypii clone C4 (cotton aphid) to Aphis gossypii clone NM12010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111162Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone Ivo (cotton aphid) in cotton plant leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111156Resistant factor, ratio of LC50 for Aphis gossypii clone Ivo (cotton aphid) to Aphis gossypii clone NM12010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1104149Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from tomato plant to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-772009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104170Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77 assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr2009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104144Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Ngong to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-772009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104155Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-resistance Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain GS-RR06 to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-772009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1111164Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone Auber (cotton aphid) in egg plant leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1104156Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Gaschiga isolated from tomato plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr2009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1111168Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone NM1 (cotton aphid) in zucchini or squash leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111166Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone C4 (cotton aphid) in zucchini or squash leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111167Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone C9 (cotton aphid) in zucchini or squash leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1104163Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from tomato plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr2009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104169Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-resistance Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain GS-RR06 assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr2009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1111157Resistant factor, ratio of LC50 for Aphis gossypii clone Burk (cotton aphid) to Aphis gossypii clone NM12010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111161Resistant factor, ratio of LC50 for Aphis gossypii clone C9 (cotton aphid) to Aphis gossypii clone NM12010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1104159Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Ngong isolated from cotton plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr2009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1111163Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone Burk (cotton aphid) in cotton plant leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111165Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii clone PsP4 (cotton aphid) in pepper plant leaf assessed as mortality after 24 hr by leaf disk assay2010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1111158Resistant factor, ratio of LC50 for Aphis gossypii clone Auber (cotton aphid) to Aphis gossypii clone NM12010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
AID1104151Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from maize plant to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-772009Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10
Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1111159Resistant factor, ratio of LC50 for Aphis gossypii clone PsP4 (cotton aphid) to Aphis gossypii clone NM12010Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (130)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19909 (6.92)18.7374
1990's7 (5.38)18.2507
2000's39 (30.00)29.6817
2010's46 (35.38)24.3611
2020's29 (22.31)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 39.19

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index39.19 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.93 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.10 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index109.09 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.84 (0.95)

This Compound (39.19)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (0.74%)5.53%
Reviews1 (0.74%)6.00%
Case Studies3 (2.21%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other131 (96.32%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0210monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		2.0710azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
carbamates
[no description available]		2.9440amino-acid anion
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.610alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.2510monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
parathion
[no description available]		2.0310C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
acephate
acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.		2.0310mixed diacylamine;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
carbofuran
Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.1101-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.		6251chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
cypermethrin
cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.		3.76100aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound		agrochemical;
molluscicide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
diazinon
Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		3.2250organic thiophosphate;
pyrimidines		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.4620benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dimethoate
Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.		3.1450monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
disulfoton
Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.		2.0210organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
endosulfan
Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.		8.1650cyclic sulfite ester;
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
fenvalerate
fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.6630aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
monochlorobenzenes		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
fipronil
fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
dichlorobenzene;
nitrile;
primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfoxide
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.9640diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
methamidophos
methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.		2.4620organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide
methyl parathion
Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		3.1350C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.3820benzodioxolespesticide synergist
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		3.2750tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		7.1710amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		2.0110nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.0310azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.5220dialdehydebiomarker
phosmet
Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.		2.0510organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phthalimides		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fonofos
Fonofos: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		7.0310organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		2.110alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.		2.4620aromatic fungicide;
dinitrile;
tetrachlorobenzene		antifungal agrochemical
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.2510organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
phenylphosphonothioic acid, 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.		1.9510organic phosphonate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphonic ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
4-bromo-2-chlorophenol
[no description available]		8.0640halophenol;
monochlorobenzenes;
organobromine compound
o,o-diethyl o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate
[no description available]		210
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		2.4110elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.610chromium group element atommicronutrient
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.1510titanium group element atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		3.2540copper group element atom;
elemental gold
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		2.4110monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
phosphine
phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.		2.1710mononuclear parent hydride;
phosphanes;
phosphine		carcinogenic agent;
fumigant insecticide
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.0510benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cyanophenphos
cyanophenphos: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710benzenes;
nitrile
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.1510titanium oxidesfood colouring
quinalphos
quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure		2.2510organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenitrothion
Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.		7.9240C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
triazophos
triazophos: structure		2.4920organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
isofenphos
[no description available]		2.0210isopropyl ester;
organic phosphonate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphonic ester;
salicylates		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
prothiophos
prothiophos: caused hypoglycemia & reduced blood urea levels in rats; structure in first source; inhibits acetylcholinesterase. prothiofos : An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid.		2.6930dichlorobenzene;
organic thiophosphate;
organosulfur compound		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
diflubenzuron
Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.		7.3820benzoylurea insecticide;
monochlorobenzenes		insect sterilant
sulprofos
[no description available]		7.6830organic thiophosphate;
organosulfur compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
isazophos
[no description available]		2.0210organic thiophosphate
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		6.9510cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
decamethrin
decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.1750aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organobromine compound		agrochemical;
antifeedant;
calcium channel agonist;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties		2.52201-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
fenpropathrin, (+-)-isomer
fenpropathrin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. fenpropathrin : A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.2110aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester		agrochemical;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.4110D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		3.01401,2,3-triazole
3-chloroperbenzoic acid
3-chloroperbenzoic acid: oxidizing agent		2.0110monochlorobenzenes;
peroxy acid
ethofenprox
ethofenprox: synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae & on non-target organisms. etofenprox : An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.		2.0510aromatic etherpyrethroid ether insecticide
bay 93820
isocarbophos: an organophosphorus insecticide		2.0510isopropyl ester;
organic phosphonate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphonic ester;
salicylates		agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
penconazole
penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group.		7.0510dichlorobenzene;
triazoles
hexafluoron
hexafluoron: insect growth regulator against mosquito larva; the active agent in Sonet, a Russian product, is hexaflumuron. hexaflumuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.		2.0310aromatic ether;
benzoylurea insecticide;
dichlorobenzene;
N-acylurea;
organochlorine insecticide;
organofluorine insecticide
tebufenozide
tebufenozide: structure given in first source. tebufenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by tert-butyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl and 4-ethylbenzoyl groups respectively. It is an insecticide used widely against caterpillars.		2.0310carbohydrazideecdysone agonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pyraclofos
[no description available]		2.0310monochlorobenzenes;
organic thiophosphate;
organochlorine insecticide;
organosulfur compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
pyrazoles		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
organochlorine compound;
oxadiazane		antifeedant;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
indoxacarb
indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.		2.0510methyl ester;
organochlorine insecticide		voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
cyanidin
cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.		7.41105-hydroxyanthocyanidinantioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
albicanol
albicanol: structure in first source		3.1630carbobicyclic compound;
homoallylic alcohol;
primary alcohol;
sesquiterpenoid		antifeedant;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		1.9610
prizes
acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.		2.7730carboxamidine;
monochloropyridine;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.031012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
11-mercaptoundecanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0710
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.1630
phosphamidon
Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		710
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		2.0310organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
quercetin
[no description available]		2.03107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
azadirachtin
azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).		7.5220acetate ester;
azadirachtin;
cyclic hemiketal;
enoate ester;
epoxide;
methyl ester;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol		hepatoprotective agent
cyhalothrin
cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		7.930aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		210endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
dicrotophos
dicrotophos: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4820dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
monocrotophos
Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		2.7530alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
crotoxyphos
crotoxyphos: structure		7.0310carboxylic ester
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.4110cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
thiodicarb
[no description available]		2.4110
paclobutrazol
paclobutrazol: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer. paclobutrazol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol. It acts as a plant-growth retardant and fungicide via inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis.		7.2510
oxamyl
oxamyl: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		6.9510
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0510aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.0510monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
pyrethrins
[no description available]		4.18160
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		2.2510
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.0310
imidacloprid
imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.		8.0440imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine		environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		03.1550
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		03.1550
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.1710
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		07.1710
Allergic Rhinitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		02.2510
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		02.2510
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.2510
Rhinitis, Allergic
An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.		02.2510
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.1110
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.1110
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.9240
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.4420
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		03.8121
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0310
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.9810
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		06.9610
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		01.9610
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		01.9610
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		0210
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		0210
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		0210