Compounds > gramicidin s
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

gramicidin s

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Gramicidin S is a cyclic antibiotic peptide produced by Bacillus brevis. It consists of two identical pentapeptide units, each composed of the amino acids valine, ornithine, leucine, phenylalanine, and proline. Gramicidin S is known for its potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and its ability to disrupt cell membranes. Its synthesis involves a complex process of ribosomal translation followed by post-translational modification, including cyclization and amidation. Gramicidin S exhibits a wide range of biological effects, including antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. It is widely studied for its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the development of novel antibiotics and cancer treatments. Researchers investigate its mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and potential toxicity to optimize its therapeutic potential.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID73357
CHEMBL ID373496
CHEBI ID5530
SCHEMBL ID135010
MeSH IDM0009600

Synonyms (35)

Synonym
gramicidin s [inn]
gramicidinum s [inn-latin]
gramacidine s [inn-french]
brn 0605227
gramicidina s [inn-spanish]
gramicin s 1
gramicin s-a
1,10-anhydro(l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-valyl-l-ornithine)
cyclo(l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl)
CHEBI:5530 ,
bis(3-aminopropyl)-dibenzyl-diisobutyl-diisopropyl-[?]decone
113-73-5
gramicidin s
gramicidin s 1
CHEMBL373496
gramicidin s-a
grammidin
dtxcid4026008
tox21_111543
cas-113-73-5
dtxsid6046008 ,
gramacidine s
whm29qa23f ,
gramicidina s
gramicidinum s
unii-whm29qa23f
NCGC00095992-05
cyclo(l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-valyl-l-ornithyl)
gramicidin s [mi]
gramicidin s [who-dd]
gramicidin s [mart.]
SCHEMBL135010
gramicidin a s
Q4147636
(3r,6s,9s,12s,15s,21r,24s,27s,30s,33s)-9,27-bis(3-aminopropyl)-3,21-dibenzyl-6,24-bis(2-methylpropyl)-12,30-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,19,22,25,28,31-decazatricyclo[31.3.0.015,19]hexatriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,20,23,26,29,32-decone

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
homodetic cyclic peptideA homodetic cyclic peptide is a cyclic peptide in which the ring consists solely of amino-acid residues in peptide linkages.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.16230.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.27830.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.97450.000221.22318,912.5098AID743035; AID743042; AID743053; AID743054; AID743063
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.01237.983543.2770AID1346984
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.62960.000214.376460.0339AID720691; AID720692
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.94990.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency4.73940.00018.4406100.0000AID720579; AID720580
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.10980.001019.414170.9645AID743094; AID743140
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.88340.001723.839378.1014AID743083
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.58490.10009.191631.6228AID1346983
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.46680.01789.637444.6684AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.89260.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.15710.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.15400.011917.942071.5630AID651632; AID720516
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.14960.011912.222168.7989AID651632
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (141)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damageATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switchingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypesATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloadingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (40)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (26)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Elg1 RFC-like complexATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (175)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID559758Antibacterial activity against Kocuria rhizophila DSM 348 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID538519Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID538517Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID687375Antibacterial activity against PVL-positive and non-typable methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1110301981H-T034 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID368135Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for defibrinated sheep RBC to MIC50 for colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 19606R2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID418458Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID611581Toxicity in human erythrocytes assessed as hemolytic activity after 4 hrs2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID559757Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis DSM 347 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID434706Antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC 3080 by microplate dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID538521Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID418463Antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418454Antimicrobial activity against Corynebacterium jeikeium after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418478Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Candida albicans2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID538518Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID611580Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID279005Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count after 2 hrs2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID611582Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID418471Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID448690Antibacterial activity against leucocin A-resistant Listeria monocytogenes B73-MR1 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID637591Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis NBRC 12933 after overnight incubation by microplate dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity.
AID538526Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N133 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID687374Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID434708Cytotoxicity against human red blood cells assessed as hemolysis after 30 mins2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID368131Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for defibrinated sheep RBC to MIC50 for Listeria monocytogenes CECT 40322009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID451316Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CNS 5277 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID368127Toxicity in defibrinated sheep RBC assessed as hemolysis after 4 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID418453Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559754Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas bestiarum DSM 13956 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418477Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Serratia marcescens2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID448691Antibacterial activity against leucocin A-resistant Listeria monocytogenes B73-MR1 after 16 hrs by by micro-gel well diffusion assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID1119384Inhibition of AAC(6')-li (unknown origin)2012MedChemComm, Apr-01, Volume: 3, Issue:4
Understanding and overcoming aminoglycoside resistance caused by N-6'-acetyltransferase.
AID611586Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID479132Antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4032 after 24 hrs by turbidimetry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID418474Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Klebsiella pneumoniae2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418447Toxicity in human RBC assessed as fold reduction in hemolytic activity at 100 ug/ml after 24 hrs relative to control2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID451317Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CNS 5115 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID687373Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID274833Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209P by liquid broth method2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 49, Issue:26
Synthesis of low-hemolytic antimicrobial dehydropeptides based on gramicidin s.
AID559736Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas bestiarum DSM 139562009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID434702Antibiotic activity against Bacillus subtilis NBRC 3513 by microplate dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID368132Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 after 24 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID637590Antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 after overnight incubation by microplate dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity.
AID559738Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 500902009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID1119385Inhibition of AAC(6')-le (unknown origin)2012MedChemComm, Apr-01, Volume: 3, Issue:4
Understanding and overcoming aminoglycoside resistance caused by N-6'-acetyltransferase.
AID279008Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml log-phase Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count at 3.12 uM after 1 hr relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID559755Antibacterial activity against Proteus myxofaciens DSM 4482 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418479Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Cryptococcus neoformans2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID1899687Bacteriolytic activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 incubated for 2 hrs2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
G-Quadruplex DNA as a Target in Pathogenic Bacteria: Efficacy of an Extended Naphthalene Diimide Ligand and Its Mode of Action.
AID559751Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DSM 498 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID559745Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas bestiarum DSM 13956 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID559750Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus DSM 1790 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID559737Antibacterial activity against Proteus myxofaciens DSM 44822009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID279007Ratio of MBC to MIC for Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.12007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID418469Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Streptococcus pyogenes2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID451328Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis at 12 uM after 4 hrs by twofold dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID434707Antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli NBRC 12734 by microplate dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID418470Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Corynebacterium jeikeium2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID479135Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for sheep erythrocytes to MIC50 for polymyxin E-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 196062010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID559749Antibacterial activity against Kocuria rhizophila DSM 348 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID448527Antilysterial activity against leucocin A-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes B73 assessed as bacterial lysis half life at 10 uM by broth microdilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID451323Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis BMS after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID559743Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID762008Acute toxicity in ip dosed mouse2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antimicrobial activity of imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives with pyridinium moiety.
AID559759Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus DSM 1790 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID538524Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1110301981 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID637594Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NBRC 12734 after overnight incubation by microplate dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity.
AID418472Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Enterobacter cloacae2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559742Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DSM 498 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID538531Therapeutic index, concentration required to achieve 100% hemolysis in erythrocyte to MIC for Escherichia coli ATCC 259222010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID575762Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 H1032010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10
Short cationic antimicrobial peptides interact with ATP.
AID538523Antimicrobial activity against community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate 1110301146 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID418449Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559753Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter helveticus DSM 18396 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID368129Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for defibrinated sheep RBC to MIC50 for Staphylococcus aureus CECT 2402009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID451318Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CNS 7368 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID418455Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID434704Antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis NBRC 12933 by microplate dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID279004Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 after 48 hrs2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID418452Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418446Toxicity in human RBC assessed as hemolytic activity at 100 ug/ml after 24 hrs relative to control2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418459Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559741Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus DSM 17902009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418475Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID611611Antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis 1190901236 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID559752Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID611585Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID451324Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis ATCC 33399 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID418450Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559760Toxicity in human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis by serial dilution method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID279012Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml growth-phase Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count after 2 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID611583Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID538522Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID434705Antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 12732 by microplate dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID538527Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49775 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID451320Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID451325Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis after 4 hrs by twofold dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID561113Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DSM 4982009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID687370Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID418462Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID687377Antibacterial activity against PVL-deficient and non-typable methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N229-T034 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID368134Antimicrobial activity against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 19606R after 24 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID687372Antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID1899686Bacteriolytic activity against Escherichia coli LMG 8223 incubated for 2 hrs2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
G-Quadruplex DNA as a Target in Pathogenic Bacteria: Efficacy of an Extended Naphthalene Diimide Ligand and Its Mode of Action.
AID368133Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for defibrinated sheep RBC to MIC50 for Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 196062009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID274834Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K12 W3110 by liquid broth method2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 49, Issue:26
Synthesis of low-hemolytic antimicrobial dehydropeptides based on gramicidin s.
AID448529Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus NCTC 8340 after 16 hrs by micro-gel well diffusion assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID479131Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for sheep erythrocytes to MIC50 for Staphylococcus aureus CECT 2402010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID418460Antimicrobial activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418464Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Enterococcus faecalis2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID1675668Inhibition of PD1-Tag2/PD-L1-Tag1 (unknown origin) protein-protein interaction at 20 uM preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of anti-Tag1-Eu3+ and anti-Tag2-XL665 measured after 3 hrs by HTRF assay relative to control
AID451322Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 19582 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID279014Antibacterial activity against 10^6 CFU/ml log-phase Mycoplasma pulmonis MpUR1.1 assessed as viable cell count at 3.12 uM after 24 hrs relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AID451319Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis 1131 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID575766Inhibition of DnaK assessed as reduction in ATP turnover at MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 H103 by ATPase assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10
Short cationic antimicrobial peptides interact with ATP.
AID538529Toxicity in Erythrocyte assessed as concentration required to achieve 100% hemolysis after 4 hrs2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID418457Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418461Antimicrobial activity against Serratia marcescens after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID538525Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N229 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID1899688Bacteriolytic activity against Enterococcus faecium LMG 16003 incubated for 2 hrs2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
G-Quadruplex DNA as a Target in Pathogenic Bacteria: Efficacy of an Extended Naphthalene Diimide Ligand and Its Mode of Action.
AID418468Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID538520Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID611584Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID687369Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID687379Toxicity in human erythrocytes assessed as concentration required to achieve 100% hemolysis after 4 hrs2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID559744Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter helveticus DSM 18396 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID1694342Hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes after 1 hr by digital photoelectric colorimetric method2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 32Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of ammonium derivatives of diterpenoids steviol and isosteviol.
AID368130Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4032 after 24 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID448525Antilysterial activity against leucocin A-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes B73 assessed as bacterial lysis per min at 10 uM by broth microdilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID637593Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC 3080 after overnight incubation by microplate dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity.
AID538530Therapeutic index, concentration required to achieve 100% hemolysis in erythrocyte to MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 292132010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID559735Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter helveticus DSM 183962009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418448Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID434703Antibiotic activity against Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 by microplate dilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 19, Issue:10
Syntheses of low-hemolytic antimicrobial gratisin peptides.
AID538528Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 by broth dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Tuning hydrophobicity of highly cationic tetradecameric Gramicidin S analogues using adamantane amino acids.
AID559734Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 5862009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418451Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mitis after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418466Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Staphylococcus epidermidis2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559739Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis DSM 3472009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID479130Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CECT 240 after 24 hrs by turbidimetry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID418473Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Escherichia coli2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID559746Antibacterial activity against Proteus myxofaciens DSM 4482 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID559747Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418456Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae after 24 hrs by standard microtiter dilution method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID575765Inhibition of Photinus pyralis fire fly luciferase assessed as reduction in light production at 10 times MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 H103 by ATP bioluminescence assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10
Short cationic antimicrobial peptides interact with ATP.
AID559756Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 in presence of silver nanoparticles2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID451315Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 7388 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID479136Antibacterial activity against polymyxin E-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 after 24 hrs by turbidimetry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID448689Antibacterial activity against leucocin A-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes B73 after 16 hrs by micro-gel well diffusion assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID448688Antibacterial activity against leucocin A-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes B73 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID687378Antibacterial activity against PVL-positive and non-typable methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300-1110301146 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID1899689Bacteriolytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus LMG 8224 incubated for 2 hrs2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
G-Quadruplex DNA as a Target in Pathogenic Bacteria: Efficacy of an Extended Naphthalene Diimide Ligand and Its Mode of Action.
AID559740Antibacterial activity against Kocuria rhizophila DSM 3482009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID418465Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Staphylococcus aureus2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID418467Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Streptococcus mitis2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID479134Antibacterial activity against polymyxin E-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 after 24 hrs by turbidimetry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID687371Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID479137Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for sheep erythrocytes to MIC50 for polymyxin E-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 196062010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID479133Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for sheep erythrocytes to MIC50 for Listeria monocytogenes CECT 40322010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID559748Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis DSM 347 in presence of silver nitrate2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
Synergistic interaction between silver nanoparticles and membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides.
AID368128Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CECT 240 after 24 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3
Therapeutic index of gramicidin S is strongly modulated by D-phenylalanine analogues at the beta-turn.
AID479129Cytotoxicity against defibrinated sheep erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis after 4 hrs by microplate reader analysis2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10
Sequence inversion and phenylalanine surrogates at the beta-turn enhance the antibiotic activity of gramicidin S.
AID451321Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa AK1 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID637592Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 12732 after overnight incubation by microplate dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity.
AID611610Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 1190900252 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID451314Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 7323 after 24 to 96 hrs by well microplate assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17
Synthesis and biological evaluation of asymmetric gramicidin S analogues containing modified D-phenylalanine residues.
AID418476Therapeutic index, ratio of hemolytic activity in human RBC to MIC for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Effect of ring size on conformation and biological activity of cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AID448526Antilysterial activity against leucocin A-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes B73 assessed as bacterial lysis at 10 uM after 60 mins by broth microdilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID611587Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 1190901525 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of strand and turn modified ring-extended gramicidin S derivatives.
AID448528Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus NCTC 8340 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Anti-listerial activity and structure-activity relationships of the six major tyrocidines, cyclic decapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
AID687376Antibacterial activity against PVL-deficient and non-typable methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N133-T034 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
AID575767Inhibition of DNA polymerase assessed as reduction in PCR products at MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 H103 by qPCR2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10
Short cationic antimicrobial peptides interact with ATP.
AID637589Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis NBRC 3513 after overnight incubation by microplate dilution method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (21)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's8 (38.10)29.6817
2010's9 (42.86)24.3611
2020's4 (19.05)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 33.84

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index33.84 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.09 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.51 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index44.85 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (33.84)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other21 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.5520aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
clotrimazole
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		2.0810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		2.08103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.4110C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.4110cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.0510inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.3110penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0310cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
neamine
neamine: fragment of NEOMYCIN B; structure in first source. neamine : 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group.		2.07102,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside;
aminoglycoside		antibacterial agent
surfactin c
surfactin C : A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoyl]-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-D-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been lactonised by condensation with the alcoholic hydroxy group.		2.0310cyclodepsipeptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
macrocyclic lactone		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
surfactant
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0710kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.0810antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510
polymyxin b(1)
[no description available]		2.4110
tyrocidine
Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.		2.0510homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
peptide antibiotic		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
(4-24)-ply(a)
peptide-Gly-Leu-amide: 21-amino acid peptide from skin secretion of Xenopus laevis; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0510
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.4420
gratisin
gratisin: from Bacillus brevis; cyclodecapeptide; structure given in first source		2.0510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		03.5580
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		03.5580